Group A rotavirus genotypes and the ongoing Brazilian experience: a review

Leite, José Paulo Gagliardi; Carvalho-Costa, Filipe Aníbal; Linhares, Alexandre C.

doi:10.1590/s0074-02762008000800001

Cited by 102 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 85 publications

(59 reference statements)

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“…The results are consistent with a previous study performed in samples from hospitalised children in RJ (Carvalho-Costa et al 2006, 2011, Leite et al 2008. Previously, the G1 genotype was the most common genotype found worldwide and this genotype is the component of the attenuated monovalent RVA vaccine (Rotarix ® ) that was licensed for routine infant immunisation in Brazil in 2006 (Leite et al 2008). The RVA-negative samples were tested for NoV.…”

supporting

confidence: 91%

Genotyping of gastroenteric viruses in hospitalised children: first report of norovirus GII.21 in Brazil

Ferreira

Garcia

Xavier

et al. 2012

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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This retrospective study (April-September 2003) was designed to investigate the roles of the main viruses responsible for cases of acute infantile gastroenteritis in hospitalised children up to two years of age. The viruses were identified in 64.7% (88/136) of the cases and the detection rates of rotavirus A (RVA), norovirus (NoV) and astrovirus were 41.9% (57/136), 30.3% (24/79) and 12.7% (7/55), respectively. RVA and NoV were detected in 20 of the 24 reported nosocomial infection cases. This study identified the first circulation of the genotype NoV GII.21 in Brazil and highlights the need to establish differential diagnoses through active laboratorial surveillance

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supporting

confidence: 91%

Genotyping of gastroenteric viruses in hospitalised children: first report of norovirus GII.21 in Brazil

Ferreira

Garcia

Xavier

et al. 2012

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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“…These studies have also shown close similarity between human and porcine G9 strains and zoonotic transmission and convergent evolution were proposed as the possible evolutionary mechanisms. Studies in Brazil have implicated porcine G9 strains in many outbreaks (Leite et al, 2008). Also, reassortment events among animal and human strains have continued to be an important mechanism for rotavirus evolution and emergence in developing countries (Banyai et al, 2010;Esona et al, 2010b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human G9P[8] rotavirus strains circulating in Cameroon, 1999–2000: Genetic relationships with other G9 strains and detection of a new G9 subtype

Esona

Mijatovic-Rustempasic

Foytich

et al. 2013

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

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Group A rotaviruses (RV-A) are the leading cause of viral gastroenteritis in children worldwide and genotype G9P[8] is one of the five most common genotypes detected in humans. In order to gain insight into the degree of genetic variability of G9P [8] HHS Public Access BackgroundChildhood mortality has been declining worldwide as a result of socioeconomic development and implementation of prevention and survival interventions (Claeson et al., 2000). Group A rotaviruses (RV-A) are the main etiologic agent of acute gastroenteritis in infants and young children worldwide (Estes and Kapikian, 2007) and an estimated 453,000 children aged <5 years die from rotavirus diarrhea each year, with >85% of these deaths occurring in low-income countries of Africa and Asia (Parashar et al., 2009;Tate et al., 2011). Rotaviruses belong to the family Reoviridae, and the rotavirus genome consists of 11 double-stranded RNA gene segments that encode six structural (VP) and six non-structural proteins (NSP). Based on the two genes that encode the outer capsid proteins, VP4 (P-type) and VP7 (G-type), a widely used binary classification system was established for RV-A (Estes and Kapikian, 2007). This system has been recently standardized and extended to all 11 genes (Matthijnssens et al., 2008b). To date, at least 27 G, 35 P, 16 I, 9 R, 9 C, 8 M, 16 A, 9 N, 12 T, 14 E and 11 H genotypes have been identified based on the eleven rotavirus A genes (Esona et al., 2010b;Matthijnssens et al., 2011). In humans, at least five RV-A G types (G1-G4 and G9), and two common P types (P[8] and P[4]) circulate worldwide (Banyai et al., 2012;Gentsch et al., 2005;Santos and Hoshino, 2005). G9 strains emerged in 1990s, and there has been a global description of the appearance and dominance of this genotype (Gentsch et al., 2005;Laird et al., 2003;Matthijnssens et al., 2009;Santos and Hoshino, 2005). Genotype G9 strains with a Wa-like or a DS-1-like genomic configuration or a mixture thereof have been detected sporadically in localized outbreaks (Page et al., 2010). In Cameroon, the first molecular identification of genotype G9 in human samples was reported in a study conducted by colleagues in 2003 (Steele andIvanoff, 2003). At least seven major phylogenetic lineages and eleven minor lineages within G9 VP7 genes have been described (Phan et al., 2007;Wu et al., 2011). A molecular evolutionary analysis study utilizing Bayesian inference supported the idea that one single sub-lineage introduced in the 1980s was responsible for all the worldwide spread of G9 in the 1990s .In order to gain insight into the degree of genetic variability of G9P [8] Viral RNA extraction, amplification, and sequencingViral RNA from each of the 15 specimens was extracted from a 10% stool suspension made from 0.1 g or 100 μl stool in 2 ml of a 1:1 Vertrel/Water solution using either a commercial RNA extraction kit (NucliSens automated extractor, BIOMERIEUX, Durham, NC) according to the protocol specified by the manufacturer or a silica binding method described pr...

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“…Even if we consider the small sample size, which is a limitation of this study, our data still suggests that there was a decrease in RVA prevalence after the introduction of the vaccine by the Brazilian National Immunization Program. Recent studies conducted in both developed and developing countries have also reported a decrease in RVA circulation after the introduction of Rotarix™ (De Vos et al 2006, Leite et al 2008, Correia et al 2010, Lanzieri et al 2010, Zeller et al 2010.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring the circulation of rotavirus among children after the introduction of the RotarixTM vaccine in Goiânia, Brazil

Borges

Souza

Fiaccadori

et al. 2011

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Group A rotavirus genotypes and the ongoing Brazilian experience: a review

Cited by 102 publications

References 85 publications

Genotyping of gastroenteric viruses in hospitalised children: first report of norovirus GII.21 in Brazil

Genotyping of gastroenteric viruses in hospitalised children: first report of norovirus GII.21 in Brazil

Human G9P[8] rotavirus strains circulating in Cameroon, 1999–2000: Genetic relationships with other G9 strains and detection of a new G9 subtype

Monitoring the circulation of rotavirus among children after the introduction of the RotarixTM vaccine in Goiânia, Brazil

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