Cloning and characterization of a V-ATPase subunit C from the American visceral leishmaniasis vector Lutzomyia longipalpis modulated during development and blood ingestion

Ramalho-Ortigão, JM; Pitaluga, André Nóbrega; Telleria, Erich Loza; Marques, Carla; Souza, A. de; Traub-Cseko, Y. M.

doi:10.1590/s0074-02762007000400013

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Very little is known about the actual signals triggering metacyclogenesis in the sand fly midgut. Of interest, a V-ATPase has been recently described in the midgut of L. longipalpis that could be involved in gut acidification [110]. …”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leishmania development in sand flies: parasite-vector interactions overview

2012

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Leishmaniases are vector-borne parasitic diseases with 0.9 – 1.4 million new human cases each year worldwide. In the vectorial part of the life-cycle, Leishmania development is confined to the digestive tract. During the first few days after blood feeding, natural barriers to Leishmania development include secreted proteolytic enzymes, the peritrophic matrix surrounding the ingested blood meal and sand fly immune reactions. As the blood digestion proceeds, parasites need to bind to the midgut epithelium to avoid being excreted with the blood remnant. This binding is strictly stage-dependent as it is a property of nectomonad and leptomonad forms only. While the attachment in specific vectors (P. papatasi, P. duboscqi and P. sergenti) involves lipophosphoglycan (LPG), this Leishmania molecule is not required for parasite attachment in other sand fly species experimentally permissive for various Leishmania. During late-stage infections, large numbers of parasites accumulate in the anterior midgut and produce filamentous proteophosphoglycan creating a gel-like plug physically obstructing the gut. The parasites attached to the stomodeal valve cause damage to the chitin lining and epithelial cells of the valve, interfering with its function and facilitating reflux of parasites from the midgut. Transformation to metacyclic stages highly infective for the vertebrate host is the other prerequisite for effective transmission. Here, we review the current state of knowledge of molecular interactions occurring in all these distinct phases of parasite colonization of the sand fly gut, highlighting recent discoveries in the field.

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Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leishmania development in sand flies: parasite-vector interactions overview

2012

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“…Relatively little is known of the pH conditions in Leishmania -infected sand flies, but a V-ATPase of Lu. longipalpis has been recently identified that could play a role in gut acidification [26] and, therefore, the production of metacyclic promastigotes in mature infections. Another signal appears to be mediated by pteridine reductase (PTR1), originally proposed when a PTR1 knockout was found to have the interesting phenotype of hypervirulence [27].…”

Section: Metacyclogenesis and Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leishmania sand fly interaction: progress and challenges

Bates

2008

Current Opinion in Microbiology

111

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Complex interactions occurs between Leishmania parasites and their sand fly vectors. Promastigotes of Leishmania live exclusively within the gut, possess flagella and are motile, and kinesins, kinases and G proteins have been described that play a role in regulating flagellar assembly. Movement within the gut is not random: promastigotes can detect gradients of solutes via chemotaxis and osmotaxis. Further they use their flagella to attach to the fly midgut using surface glyconconjugates, a key step in establishment of the infection. Differentiation of mammal-infective stages is characterised by significant biochemical and cellular remodelling. Further, the parasites can manipulate the behaviour of the vector to maximise their transmission, and flies may even deliver altruistic apoptotic forms to aid transmission of infective stages.

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“…Such proteins function as proton (H+) pumps, having the ability to stimulate acidiWcation of cytoplasm and/or vesicles in a number of cells. A cDNA for V-ATPase sub-unit C from L. longipalpis was recently described (Ramalho-Ortigão et al 2007b). The expression proWle of V-ATPase sub-unit C in developmental stages of L. longipalpis is low in eggs and initial larval stages.…”

Section: Cationic Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The expression proWle of V-ATPase sub-unit C in developmental stages of L. longipalpis is low in eggs and initial larval stages. After the third larval instar (L3), the expression increases continuously until the adult phase (Ramalho-Ortigão et al 2007b). Interestingly, L. longipalpis males express higher levels of V-ATPase subunit C mRNA than females.…”

Section: Cationic Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, V-ATPase subunit C expression is modulated by blood feeding, in agreement with our Wndings on EST abundance. In blood-fed L. longipalpis females V-ATPase C transcript levels increase in the Wrst 24 h following the blood meal, and decrease at the later stages of blood digestion, from 24 to 96 h post blood meal (Ramalho-Ortigão et al 2007b). …”

Section: Cationic Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

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EST sequencing of blood-fed and Leishmania-infected midgut of Lutzomyia longipalpis, the principal visceral leishmaniasis vector in the Americas

et al. 2009

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Leishmaniasis is an important worldwide public health problem. Visceral leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania infantum chagasi is mainly transmitted by Lutzomyia longipalpis in the Americas. Leishmania development within the sand fly vector is mostly restricted to the midgut. Thus, a comparative analysis of blood-fed versus infected midguts may provide an invaluable insight into various aspects of sand fly immunity, physiology of blood digestion, and, more importantly, of Leishmania development. To that end, we have engaged in a study to identify expressed sequenced tags (ESTs) from L. longipalpis cDNA libraries produced from midguts dissected at different times post blood meal and also after artificial infection with L. i. chagasi. A total of 2,520 ESTs were obtained and, according to the quality of the sequencing data obtained, assembled into 378 clusters and 1,526 individual sequences or singletons totalizing 1,904 sequences. Several sequences associated with defense, apoptosis, RNAi, and digestion processes were annotated. The data presented here increases current knowledge on the New World sand fly transcriptome, contributing to the understanding of various aspects of the molecular physiology of L. longipalpis, and mechanisms underlying the relationship of this sand fly species with L. i. chagasi.

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Cloning and characterization of a V-ATPase subunit C from the American visceral leishmaniasis vector Lutzomyia longipalpis modulated during development and blood ingestion

Cited by 7 publications

References 32 publications

Leishmania development in sand flies: parasite-vector interactions overview

Leishmania development in sand flies: parasite-vector interactions overview

Leishmania sand fly interaction: progress and challenges

EST sequencing of blood-fed and Leishmania-infected midgut of Lutzomyia longipalpis, the principal visceral leishmaniasis vector in the Americas

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