Final comments on an interesting taxonomic dilemma: Leishmania infantum versus Leishmania infantum chagasi

Dantas‐Torres, Filipe

doi:10.1590/s0074-02762006000800018

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…This disease is mainly caused by Leishmania infantum (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) (Fig. 3 ), sometimes referred to as Leishmania chagasi or Leishmania infantum chagasi [ 28 ]. Infection by other Leishmania species (e.g., Leishmania amazonensis ) have also been reported [ 7 , 10 ] and cases of co-infection by two species (e.g., L. infantum and Leishmania braziliensis ) as well [ 29 ].…”

Section: Protozoal Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine vector-borne diseases in Brazil

2008

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Canine vector-borne diseases (CVBDs) are highly prevalent in Brazil and represent a challenge to veterinarians and public health workers, since some diseases are of great zoonotic potential. Dogs are affected by many protozoa (e.g., Babesia vogeli, Leishmania infantum, and Trypanosoma cruzi), bacteria (e.g., Anaplasma platys and Ehrlichia canis), and helminths (e.g., Dirofilaria immitis and Dipylidium caninum) that are transmitted by a diverse range of arthropod vectors, including ticks, fleas, lice, triatomines, mosquitoes, tabanids, and phlebotomine sand flies. This article focuses on several aspects (etiology, transmission, distribution, prevalence, risk factors, diagnosis, control, prevention, and public health significance) of CVBDs in Brazil and discusses research gaps to be addressed in future studies.

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Section: Protozoal Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine vector-borne diseases in Brazil

2008

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“…There is now an urgent need for an effective vaccine for veterinary and medical prophylaxis [ 13 ]. Leishmania major in the Old World, and L. infantum (= L. chagasi ) in the Mediterranean region of the Old World and in the Americas [ 14 , 15 ] are among the main species that are responsible for CL and VL, respectively. Also, canine leishmaniosis is endemic in the Mediterranean basin, and is a public health problem which should be tackled [ 16 , 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HisAK70: progress towards a vaccine against different forms of leishmaniosis

et al. 2015

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BackgroundLeishmania major and Leishmania infantum are among the main species that are responsible for cutaneous leishmaniosis (CL) and visceral leishmaniosis (VL), respectively. The leishmanioses represent the second-largest parasitic killer in the world after malaria. Recently, we succeeded in generating a plasmid DNA (pCMV-HISA70m2A) and demonstrated that immunized mice were protected against L. major challenge. The efficacy of the DNA-vaccine was further enhanced by the inclusion of KMP-11 antigen into the antibiotic-free plasmid pVAX1-asd.MethodsHere, we describe the use of a HisAK70 DNA-vaccine encoding seven Leishmania genes (H2A, H2B, H3, H4, A2, KMP11 and HSP70) for vaccination of mice to assess the induction of a resistant phenotype against VL and CL.ResultsHisAK70 was successful in vaccinated mice, resulting in a high amount of efficient sterile hepatic granulomas associated with a hepatic parasite burden fully resolved in the VL model; and resulting in 100 % inhibition of parasite visceralization in the CL model.ConclusionsThe results suggest that immunization with the HisAK70 DNA-vaccine may provide a rapid, suitable, and efficient vaccination strategy to confer cross-protective immunity against VL and CL.

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“…There are two different hypotheses on the origin of NW L. infantum , of which the first one is now widely accepted: (1) L. infantum has been imported from Europe during the Spanish and Portuguese colonization carried by dogs or rats, and (2) L. chagasi is indigenous to the Americas [8], [31]–[36]. As summarized by Dantas-Torres [34], [35] these two hypotheses have led to much confusion regarding the nomenclature and at least 6 different nomenclatures are used in the literature. Until now, there have been no extensive studies of the population structure of NW L. infantum with a reasonable number of strains from different regions, environments, hosts and reservoirs and, therefore the taxonomic status of NW L. infantum is still not clear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Microsatellite Typing of New World Leishmania infantum Reveals Low Heterogeneity among Populations and Its Recent Old World Origin

et al. 2011

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Leishmania infantum (syn. L. chagasi) is the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the New World (NW) with endemic regions extending from southern USA to northern Argentina. The two hypotheses about the origin of VL in the NW suggest (1) recent importation of L. infantum from the Old World (OW), or (2) an indigenous origin and a distinct taxonomic rank for the NW parasite. Multilocus microsatellite typing was applied in a survey of 98 L. infantum isolates from different NW foci. The microsatellite profiles obtained were compared to those of 308 L. infantum and 20 L. donovani strains from OW countries previously assigned to well-defined populations. Two main populations were identified for both NW and OW L. infantum. Most of the NW strains belonged to population 1, which corresponded to the OW MON-1 population. However, the NW population was much more homogeneous. A second, more heterogeneous, population comprised most Caribbean strains and corresponded to the OW non-MON-1 population. All Brazilian L. infantum strains belonged to population 1, although they represented 61% of the sample and originated from 9 states. Population analysis including the OW L. infantum populations indicated that the NW strains were more similar to MON-1 and non-MON-1 sub-populations of L. infantum from southwest Europe, than to any other OW sub-population. Moreover, similarity between NW and Southwest European L. infantum was higher than between OW L. infantum from distinct parts of the Mediterranean region, Middle East and Central Asia. No correlation was found between NW L. infantum genotypes and clinical picture or host background. This study represents the first continent-wide analysis of NW L. infantum population structure. It confirmed that the agent of VL in the NW is L. infantum and that the parasite has been recently imported multiple times to the NW from southwest Europe.

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Final comments on an interesting taxonomic dilemma: Leishmania infantum versus Leishmania infantum chagasi

Cited by 8 publications

References 14 publications

Canine vector-borne diseases in Brazil

Canine vector-borne diseases in Brazil

HisAK70: progress towards a vaccine against different forms of leishmaniosis

Comparative Microsatellite Typing of New World Leishmania infantum Reveals Low Heterogeneity among Populations and Its Recent Old World Origin

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