In vitro susceptibility to antifungal agents of environmental Cryptococcus spp. isolated in the city of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil

Pedroso, Reginaldo dos Santos; Ferreira, Joseane Cristina; Candido, Renato

doi:10.1590/s0074-02762006000300002

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…However, for fluconazole, results must be carefully analyzed, because MICs values obtained by the macrodilution method were higher than those obtained for microdilution in 75% of the isolates studied. Similar results has been observed in certain species, specially yeasts, where the agreement index of different methods is influenced by drug-organism combination 5,16 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Dermatophyte susceptibilities to antifungal azole agents tested in vitro by broth macro and microdilution methods

Siqueira

Ferreira

Pedroso

et al. 2008

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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SUMMARYThe in vitro susceptibility of dermatophytes to the azole antifungals itraconazole, fluconazole and ketoconazole was evaluated by broth macro and microdilution methods, according to recommendations of the CLSI, with some adaptations. Twenty nail and skin clinical isolates, four of Trichophyton mentagrophytes and 16 of T. rubrum were selected for the tests. Itraconazole minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) varied from < 0.03 to 0.25 µg/mL in the macrodilution and from < 0.03 to 0.5 µg/mL in the microdilution methods; for fluconazole, MICs were in the ranges of 0.5 to 64 µg/mL and 0.125 to 16 µg/mL by the macro and microdilution methods, respectively, and from < 0.03 to 0.5 µg/mL by both methods for ketoconazole. Levels of agreement between the two methods (± one dilution) were 70% for itraconazole, 45% for fluconazole and 85% for ketoconazole. It is concluded that the strains selected were inhibited by relatively low concentrations of the antifungals tested and that the two methodologies are in good agreement especially for itraconazole and ketoconazole.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Dermatophyte susceptibilities to antifungal azole agents tested in vitro by broth macro and microdilution methods

Siqueira

Ferreira

Pedroso

et al. 2008

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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“…Compared to other AFST data, it is in vitro susceptible to voriconazole with an at least two 2-fold dilution steps lower MIC [46]. According to other studies on environmental isolates [67,68], Naganishia albida and Filobasidium magnum are known to be fluconazole-resistant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Phenotypes Associated with Pathogenicity: Their Expression in Arctic Fungal Isolates

et al. 2019

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Around 85% of the environments on Earth are permanently or seasonally colder than 5 °C. Among those, the poles constitute unique biomes, which harbor a broad variety of microbial life, including an abundance of fungi. Many fungi have an outstanding ability to withstand extreme conditions and play vital ecosystem roles of decomposers as well as obligate or facultative symbionts of many other organisms. Due to their dispersal capabilities, microorganisms from cryosphere samples can be distributed around the world. Such dispersal involves both species with undefined pathogenicity and potentially pathogenic strains. Here we describe the isolation of fungal species from pristine Arctic locations in Greenland and Svalbard and the testing of the expression of characteristics usually associated with pathogenic species, such as growth at 37 °C, hemolytic ability, and susceptibility to antifungal agents. A total of 320 fungal isolates were obtained, and 24 of the most abundant and representative species were further analyzed. Species known as emerging pathogens, like Aureobasidium melanogenum, Naganishia albida, and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, were able to grow at 37 °C, showed beta-hemolytic activity, and were intrinsically resistant to commonly used antifungals such as azoles and echinocandins. Antifungal resistance screening revealed a low susceptibility to voriconazole in N. albida and Penicillium spp. and to fluconazole in Glaciozyma watsonii and Glaciozyma-related taxon.

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“…The obtained results were compared to those previously reported for other C. neoformans / C. gattii species complex isolates …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Molecular typing of environmental Cryptococcus neoformans/C. gattii species complex isolates from Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil

Alves

Freire

Bentes

et al. 2016

Mycoses

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Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii are the main causative agents of cryptococcosis, a systemic fungal disease that affects internal organs and skin, and which is acquired by inhalation of spores or encapsulated yeasts. It is currently known that the C. neoformans/C. gattii species complex has a worldwide distribution, however, some molecular types seem to prevail in certain regions. Few environmental studies of Cryptococcus have been conducted in the Brazilian Amazon. This is the first ecological study of the pathogenic fungi C. neoformans/C. gattii species complex in the urban area of Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. A total of 506 samples from pigeon droppings (n = 191), captive bird droppings (n = 60) and tree hollows (n = 255) were collected from June 2012 to January 2014 at schools and public buildings, squares, pet shops, households, the zoo and the bus station. Samples were plated on niger seed agar (NSA) medium supplemented with chloramphenicol and incubated at 25°C for 5 days. Dark-brown colonies were isolated and tested for thermotolerance at 37°C, cycloheximide resistance and growth on canavanine-glycine-bromothymol blue agar. Molecular typing was done by PCR-RFLP. Susceptibility to the antifungal drugs amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole and ketoconazole was tested using Etest(®) strips. In total, 13 positive samples were obtained: one tree hollow (C. gattiiVGII), nine pigeon droppings (C. neoformansVNI) and three captive bird droppings (C. neoformansVNI). The environmental cryptococcal isolates found in this study were of the same molecular types as those responsible for infections in Manaus.

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In vitro susceptibility to antifungal agents of environmental Cryptococcus spp. isolated in the city of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil

Cited by 15 publications

References 24 publications

Dermatophyte susceptibilities to antifungal azole agents tested in vitro by broth macro and microdilution methods

Dermatophyte susceptibilities to antifungal azole agents tested in vitro by broth macro and microdilution methods

Phenotypes Associated with Pathogenicity: Their Expression in Arctic Fungal Isolates

Molecular typing of environmental Cryptococcus neoformans/C. gattii species complex isolates from Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil

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