Resistance to reinfection in rats induced by irradiated metacercariae of Clonorchis sinensis

Quan, Fu‐Shi; Lee, Jeong Beom; Bae, Jong Seok; Ohwatari, Nobu; Min, Young Ki; Yang, Hye-Won

doi:10.1590/s0074-02762005000500016

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…However, upon re-infection, the total IgE level increased rapidly to a peak within 1 wk in immunocompetent rats, but not in immunosuppressed rats. This pattern of increase is the same as that reported in a previous study [24], in which resistance to C. sinensis was observed in rats following infection with irradiated metacercariae. In endemic areas of Schistosoma japonicum in China, high serum IgE levels against adult worms or soluble egg antigens have been reported in cured schistosomiasis patients who are resistant to re-infection [25].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Changing Patterns of Serum and Bile Antibodies in Re-infected Rats with Clonorchis sinensis

Hong-man

Chung

et al. 2008

Korean J Parasitol

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Rats develop strong resistance to re-infection and super-infection by Clonorchis sinensis. The present study investigated the antibodies present in the sera and bile juice of rats that were primary infected and re-infected with C. sinensis. The serum level of specific IgG antibodies, which were elevated 2 wk of the primary infection, peaked at 4 wk and subsequently remained unchanged even during re-infection. The total IgE level in serum increased slowly from 388 ng / ml to 3,426 ng / ml beginning 2 wk after the primary infection, and remained high up to 8 wk but dropped to a normal level (259 ng / ml) after treatment. In resistant re-infected rats, the serum IgE level increased rapidly and peaked within 1 wk, whereas no increase was observed in immunosuppressed rats. The serum level of specific IgA antibodies was elevated beginning 1 wk after infection, and decreased 4 wk after treatment. The total bile IgA level unchanged during the primary infection but increased in treated and re-infected rats. The elevated levels of serum IgE and bile IgA indicate that these immunoglobulins may be correlated with the development of resistance to re-infection by C. sinensis in rats.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Changing Patterns of Serum and Bile Antibodies in Re-infected Rats with Clonorchis sinensis

Hong-man

Chung

et al. 2008

Korean J Parasitol

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“…Semiquantitative measurement of apoptosis showed that livers from rat at 4, 6, 8, 12 weeks postinfection with C. sinensis confirmed the higher apoptotic index compared with normal control (e, p<0.01), similar result was detected in human liver infected with C. sinensis (f, p<0.01) infection (Yoon et al 2001). Rat is also susceptible to C. sinensis and is broadly used as animal model in the study of pathogenesis (Choi et al 2004b;Quan et al 2005;Sohn et al 2006). In the present study, Wistar rats were administered intragastrically with 100 metacercariae of C. sinensis, and then the worm eggs could be detected from the stool in 100% of rats in infected groups 6 weeks postinfection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Fas/FasL-dependent apoptosis of hepatocytes induced in rat and patients with Clonorchis sinensis infection

Zhang

Jin

et al. 2008

Parasitol Res

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To investigate the injury and pathogenesis of Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis) to hepatocytes, the liver samples from Wistar rats and patients with C. sinensis infection were examined. The typical histopathological findings of clonorchiasis were observed in rats 4 to 12 weeks postinfection, and majority hepatocytes exhibited hydropic degeneration, even some hepatocytes showed densely condensed nuclei suggesting apoptosis in liver tissue. Apoptosis was found around the central vein or portal areas of liver tissue in rat infected with C. sinensis by transferase uridyl nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Compared with normal control, TUNEL-positive cells in liver tissue increase from 4 to 12 weeks postinfection with the peak at 8 weeks. Furthermore, the expression of mRNA and protein of Fas, FasL, and caspase-3 was stronger in infected group than normal control using semiquantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. Autopsy specimens from four patients infected with C. sinensis have the same findings detected by histopathology, TUNEL, and immunohistochemistry. These findings suggest that the C. sinensis can stimulate both hepatocytic apoptosis and hydropic degeneration that may be responsible for relationship between clinical manifestations and liver lesions in patients with clonorchiasis. These data also indicate a role for Fas/FasL-mediated pathway in the apoptosis that occurs in response to C. sinensis infection.

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“…Vaccination with radiation-attenuated MC of related liver flukes has also been reported, e.g. a single dose of γ-irradiated (12 Gy) MC induced resistance in rats to challenge infection with C. sinensis (Quan et al , 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Similar findings have been described with radiation sensitivity of MC of the minute intestinal fluke Metagonimus yokagawi (Chai et al , 1995). Metacercariae of the closely related liver fluke C. sinensis may be even more sensitive to damage from γ-radiation than O. viverrini , with only ~25% of worms exposed to 5 Gy developing to the adult stage in rats (Park & Yong, 2003; Quan et al , 2005). We also observed that immunization of hamsters with γ-irradiated MC of O. viverrini resulted in decreased infection and fecundity upon challenge infection with intact/wild-type MC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunization and challenge shown by hamsters infected withOpisthorchis viverrinifollowing exposure to gamma-irradiated metacercariae of this carcinogenic liver fluke

et al. 2014

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Here we report findings to optimize and standardize conditions to attenuate metacercariae of Opisthorchis viverrini by ionizing radiation to elicit protective immune responses to challenge infection. Metacercariae were gamma-irradiated and the ability of irradiated metacercariae to prevent patent infection of challenge metacercariae in hamsters was determined, as well as their ability to induce a host antibody response. Metacercariae irradiated in a dose-dependent manner, with 3, 5, 10, 12, 20, 25 and 50 Gray, were used to infect Syrian golden hamsters by stomach gavage to ascertain the effect of irradiation on ability of the worms to establish infection. In addition, other hamsters were infected with metacercariae irradiated with 20–50 Gray, followed by challenge with intact/wild-type (non-irradiated) metacercariae to determine the protective effect as established by the numbers of adult flukes, eggs of O. viverrini in hamster faeces and anti-O. viverrini antibody titres. Significantly fewer worms were recovered from hamsters immunized with metacercariae irradiated at 20, 25 and 50 Gray than from control hamsters infected with intact metacercariae or 0 Gray, and the worms showed damaged reproductive organs. Faecal egg numbers were decreased significantly in hamsters immunized with 25 and 50 Gray metacercariae of O. viverrini. Moreover, hamsters administered metacercariae that were protected elicited a robust, specific anti-fluke immunoglobulin G response compared to control hamsters, suggesting a role for antibody in protection elicited by radiation-attenuated metacercariae.

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Resistance to reinfection in rats induced by irradiated metacercariae of Clonorchis sinensis

Cited by 14 publications

References 22 publications

Changing Patterns of Serum and Bile Antibodies in Re-infected Rats with Clonorchis sinensis

Changing Patterns of Serum and Bile Antibodies in Re-infected Rats with Clonorchis sinensis

Fas/FasL-dependent apoptosis of hepatocytes induced in rat and patients with Clonorchis sinensis infection

Immunization and challenge shown by hamsters infected withOpisthorchis viverrinifollowing exposure to gamma-irradiated metacercariae of this carcinogenic liver fluke

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