“…Moreover, there is manifestation of immunoglobulin-G (IgG) antibodies, which cross-react with beta-adrenergicreceptors [8]. There ensues a chronic state of adrenergic receptor block, which leads to a decrease in the total population of beta-receptors [9]. This action occurs in the face of normal or decreased endogenous norepinephrine levels and may present as orthostasis [10].…”