Enterocytozoon bieneusi (microsporidia) in faecal samples from domestic animals from Galicia, Spain

Lores, B; Águila, C. del; Amado, Cristina

doi:10.1590/s0074-02762002000700003

Cited by 66 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Similarly, 11.5% of pet cats were found to be infected with E. bieneusi. These results are in agreement with the findings of previous studies where the reported infection rates of E. bieneusi ranged from 7.8% to 15.0% in dogs (17,19,25) and from 5.0% to 31.3% in cats (18,20,26,27). Surprisingly, in these two types of animals, the males were more likely to be infected with E. bieneusi, as initially reported in dogs by Santin and associates (19).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Genetic Diversity in Enterocytozoon bieneusi Isolates from Dogs and Cats in China: Host Specificity and Public Health Implications

et al. 2014

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cTo explore the genetic diversity, host specificity, and zoonotic potential of Enterocytozoon bieneusi, feces from 348 stray and pet dogs and 96 pet cats from different locations in China were examined by internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-based PCR. E. bieneusi was detected in 15.5% of the dogs, including 20.5% of stray dogs and 11.7% of pet dogs, and in 11.5% of the pet cats. Higher infection rates were recorded in the >2-year and the 1-to 2-year age groups in dogs and cats, respectively. Altogether, 24 genotypes, including 11 known and 13 new, were detected in 65 infected animals. In 54 positive dogs, 18 genotypes, 9 known (PtEbIX, O, D, CM1, EbpA, Peru8, type IV, EbpC, and PigEBITS5) and 9 new (CD1 to CD9), were found. In contrast, 8 genotypes, 4 known (D, BEB6, I, and PtEbIX) and 4 new (CC1 to CC4), were identified in 11 infected cats. The dominant genotype in dogs was PtEbIX (26/54). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 8 known genotypes (D, Peru8, type IV, CM1, EbpC, PigEBITS5, O, and EbpA) and 7 new genotypes (CD1 to CD4 and CC2 to CC4) were the members of zoonotic group 1, whereas genotypes CD7, CD8, and CD9 together with PtEbIX belonged to the dog-specific group, and genotypes CD6 and CC1 were placed in group 2 with BEB6 and I. Conversely, genotype CD5 clustered with CM4 without belonging to any previous groups. We conclude that zoonotic genotypes are common in dogs and cats, as are host-specific genotypes in dogs. M icrosporidia, obligate eukaryotic intracellular pathogens, are considered to be highly diverged and specialized parasites, formerly classified as protozoa (1) and recently included in the fungus kingdom without further subdivision (2). They infect a wide variety of vertebrate and invertebrate hosts (3). Among the human-infecting microsporidian species, Enterocytozoon bieneusi is the most frequently diagnosed in AIDS patients with chronic diarrhea, organ transplant recipients, children, the elderly, and patients with malignant diseases and diabetes (4, 5). In addition, E. bieneusi has been reported in various wild, domestic, and companion mammals and birds worldwide (4, 6). Thus, microsporidiosis by E. bieneusi is regarded as a zoonosis, although the range of animal hosts and their involvement in transmission are poorly understood.Recent molecular approaches based on sequence and phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) enable us to assess the host specificity and public health significance of the organism (6, 7). There are now at least 204 reported ITS genotypes of E. bieneusi, and new genotypes have been identified in various animals, humans, and water bodies (6,(8)(9)(10). In phylogenetic analysis, these genotypes form some unique groups. Group 1 is found in humans and animals, while groups 2 to 8 are found mostly in specific hosts and wastewater (7,8,11).Recently, zoonotic E. bieneusi genotypes have been reported in AIDS patients, children, nonhuman primates, pigs, and urban wastewater in China (8,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. However, studies...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Genetic Diversity in Enterocytozoon bieneusi Isolates from Dogs and Cats in China: Host Specificity and Public Health Implications

et al. 2014

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“…The extraction protocol involved several steps; thus, limited numbers of specimens could be tested each time. To raise the sensitivity of DNA extraction, spore concentration or purification and/or DNA purification afterward may be required (12,18,27,28). Our experiments showed that both the QIAamp stool mini kit and FTA filter paper could detect E. bieneusi in stool specimens with the same concentration of 800 spores/ml.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Both MSP3-MSP4B and EB1EF1-EB1ER have been shown to be E. bieneusi specific and do not crossamplify with other human microsporidia (4, 7). These two PCR protocols have been used for the identification of E. bieneusi both in humans and animals (1,12,13,21). The MSP3-MSP4B primer set has shown satisfactory results for species-specific identification (5,23,24).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of DNA Extraction and PCR Methods for Detection of Enterocytozoon bienuesi in Stool Specimens

Subrungruang

Mungthin²,

Chavalitshewinkoon-Petmitr

et al. 2004

J Clin Microbiol

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An evaluation of the sensitivities of three DNA extraction methods, i.e., FTA filter paper, a QIAamp stool mini kit, and a conventional phenol-chloroform method, by using specimens with known concentrations of Enterocytozoon bieneusi spores was performed. FTA filter paper and the QIAamp stool mini kit were the most sensitive methods, which could detect E. bieneusi in specimens with a concentration of 800 spores/ml. We also compared five previously described PCR methods that use five different primer pairs for the detection of E. bieneusi and showed that MSP3-MSP4B and EBIEF1-EBIER1 were the most sensitive primers. Although both sets of primers showed the same sensitivity, using the MSP3-MSP4B primers can directly provide genotypic information by sequencing. A blinded diagnostic test to compare PCR and light microscopy methods for the detection of E. bieneusi in stool specimens was also conducted. The use of FTA filter paper for DNA extraction together with the PCR method using the primer pair MSP3-MSP4B showed 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity for the detection of E. bieneusi in stool specimens, while the light microscopy method gave a sensitivity of 86.7% and a specificity of 100%.

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“…Although predominantly described among adults suffering from immunodeficiency due to HIV infection, E. bieneusi infections were also reported from HIV-negative patients who were immunocompromised due to an underlying disease or due to therapeutic immunosuppression when undergoing organ transplantation (119,130,197,228,229,260,318). Furthermore, a few E. bieneusi infections in HIV-negative, immunocompetent, and otherwise healthy persons that were associated with self-limited diarrhea were reported, mostly in the context of traveler's diarrhea in Europe (9,71,114,181,182,209,242,268,282,314) but also in single cases in Africa (44,131). Hence, E. bieneusi was detected by PCR in stool samples from 7 of 148 travelers with diarrhea returning to Germany (209).…”

Section: Infections In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoonotic Potential of the Microsporidia

2005

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Microsporidia are long-known parasitic organisms of almost every animal group, including invertebrates and vertebrates. Microsporidia emerged as important opportunistic pathogens in humans when AIDS became pandemic and, more recently, have also increasingly been detected in otherwise immunocompromised patients, including organ transplant recipients, and in immunocompetent persons with corneal infection or diarrhea. Two species causing rare infections in humans, Encephalitozoon cuniculi and Brachiola vesicularum, had previously been described from animal hosts (vertebrates and insects, respectively). However, several new microsporidial species, including Enterocytozoon bieneusi, the most prevalent human microsporidian causing human immunodeficiency virus-associated diarrhea, have been discovered in humans, raising the question of their natural origin. Vertebrate hosts are now identified for all four major microsporidial species infecting humans (E. bieneusi and the three Encephalitozoon spp.), implying a zoonotic nature of these parasites. Molecular studies have identified phenotypic and/or genetic variability within these species, indicating that they are not uniform, and have allowed the question of their zoonotic potential to be addressed. The focus of this review is the zoonotic potential of the various microsporidia and a brief update on other microsporidia which have no known host or an invertebrate host and which cause rare infections in humans

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Enterocytozoon bieneusi (microsporidia) in faecal samples from domestic animals from Galicia, Spain

Cited by 66 publications

References 29 publications

Genetic Diversity in Enterocytozoon bieneusi Isolates from Dogs and Cats in China: Host Specificity and Public Health Implications

Genetic Diversity in Enterocytozoon bieneusi Isolates from Dogs and Cats in China: Host Specificity and Public Health Implications

Evaluation of DNA Extraction and PCR Methods for Detection of Enterocytozoon bienuesi in Stool Specimens

Zoonotic Potential of the Microsporidia

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