The Zymovars of Vibrio cholerae: Multilocus Enzyme Electrophoresis of Vibrio cholerae

Freitas, Fernanda; Momen, Hooman; Salles, C. A.

doi:10.1590/s0074-02762002000400011

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…These findings are in agreement with those obtained by RAPD analysis in a previous study [11]. Furthermore, in support of other studies, our MLEE results showed that clinical and environmental O1 strains are closely related to seventh-pandemic strains from other parts of the world, but differ from those strains at the LAP locus [6,14,15]. Our earlier study [11] showed that some clinical strains lacked specific virulence genes (CTX and VPI genes) but this was more common in the environmental isolates with none having a complete set of virulence genes tested.…”

Section: Mlee Analysis Of Genetic Relatednesssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…It has been proposed that epidemic V. cholerae strains are derived from non-toxigenic environmental strains by the acquisition of virulence genes [12,13]. MLEE analysis of clinical isolates from the 'Latin American epidemic ' shows that these strains are related to seventh-pandemic isolates from other parts of the world but differed from the seventh-pandemic isolates at a single locus (leucine aminopeptidase) [6,14,15]. In a previous study, we described the prevalence of virulence genes in clinical and environmental V. cholerae strains isolated in Brazil over a 9-year period (1991-1999) and found that 'environmental ' strains can be reservoirs of virulence genes [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic diversity and antibiotic resistance of clinical and environmental Vibrio cholerae suggests that many serogroups are reservoirs of resistance

Campos

Zahner²,

Avelar³

et al. 2004

Epidemiol. Infect.

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Vibrio cholerae is an important human pathogen and the cause of cholera. Since genetic variation and antibiotic resistance of strains have implications for effective treatment of the disease, we examined the genetic diversity and antibiotic resistance profile in 92 clinical strains (serogroup O1) and 56 environmental strains (O1 antigen, 42 strains; non-O1 antigen, 14 strains) isolated in Brazil between 1991 and 1999. Clinical and environmental O1 strains showed greater drug resistance compared to environmental non-O1 strains. Nearly all clinical O1 strains were resistant to one or more antibiotics while half of the environmental O1 and non-O1 strains were resistant to one or more antibiotics. No plasmids or class 1 integrons were detected in the strains by PCR analysis. Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis analysis (MLEE) suggests most of the O1 strains belong to a single (South American) clone that is related but different to seventh-pandemic strains isolated from other parts of the world. Our results show that there is a close genetic relationship between clinical and environmental O1 strains and that many serogroups and the environment can be a reservoir for antibiotic resistance.

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Section: Mlee Analysis Of Genetic Relatednesssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity and antibiotic resistance of clinical and environmental Vibrio cholerae suggests that many serogroups are reservoirs of resistance

Campos

Zahner²,

Avelar³

et al. 2004

Epidemiol. Infect.

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show abstract

“…Sucrose-negative V. cholerae non-O1 strains have been reported in the past (Desmarchelier & Reichelt, 1984). In addition, sucrose-negative V. cholerae O1 were also detected during cholera epidemics in France (Freitas et al, 2002) and Brazil (DePaula et al, 1997). In this context, early differentiation between sucrose-negative V. cholerae and V. mimicus is important for strain identification and reporting.…”

Section: Differentiation Of Vibrio Cholerae and Vibrio Mimicusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this context, early differentiation between sucrose-negative V. cholerae and V. mimicus is important for strain identification and reporting. Even though molecular techniques such as MEE (Freitas et al, 2002) and rRNA (Chun et al, 1999) are available for species differentiation of these two vibrios, they may involve many loci, and the procedures are time consuming. Alternatively, PCR-RFLP of oriCI would be quick and easy to perform.…”

Section: Differentiation Of Vibrio Cholerae and Vibrio Mimicusmentioning

confidence: 99%

PCR-based identification ofVibrio choleraeand the closely related speciesVibrio mimicususing the large chromosomalorisequence ofVibrio cholerae

Saha¹,

Deb²,

Shah³

et al. 2006

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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The bacterial chromosomal replication origin (ori) sequences are a highly conserved essential genetic element. In this study, the large chromosomal replication origin sequence of Vibrio cholerae (oriCIVC) has been targeted for identification of the organism, including the biotypes of serogroup O1. The oriCIVC sequence-based PCR assay specifically amplified an 890 bp fragment from all the V. cholerae strains examined. A point mutation in the oriCIVC sequence of the classical biotype of O1 serogroup led to the loss of a BglII site, which was utilized for differentiation from El Tor vibrios. Interestingly, the PCR assay amplified a similarly sized ori segment, designated as oriCIVM, from V. mimicus strains, but failed to produce any amplicon with other strains. Cloning and sequencing of the oriCIVM revealed high sequence similarity (96%) with oriCIVC. The results indicate that V. mimicus is indeed very closely related to V. cholerae. In addition, the BglII restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) between oriCIVM and oriCIVC sequences allowed us to differentiate the two species. The ori sequence-based PCR-RFLP assay developed in this study appears to be a useful method for rapid identification and differentiation of V. cholerae and V. mimicus strains, as well as for the delineation of classical and El Tor biotypes of V. cholerae O1.

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Cholera Outbreaks in the El Tor Biotype Era and the Impact of the New El Tor Variants

2014

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Vibrio cholerae O1, the causative agent of the disease cholera, has two biotypes namely the classical and El Tor. Biotype is a subspecific taxonomic classification of V. cholerae O1. Differentiation of V. cholerae strains into biotype does not alter the clinical management of cholera but is of immense public health and epidemiological importance in identifying the source and spread of infection, particularly when V. cholerae is first isolated in a country or geographic area. From recorded history, till date, the world has experienced seven pandemics of cholera. Among these, the first six pandemics are believed to have been caused by the classical biotype whereas the ongoing seventh pandemic is caused by the El Tor biotype. In recent years, new pathogenic variants of V. cholerae have emerged and spread throughout many Asian and African countries with corresponding cryptic changes in the epidemiology of cholera. In this chapter, we describe the outbreaks during the seventh pandemic El Tor biotype era spanning more than five decades along with the recent advances in our understanding of the development, evolution, spread, and impact of the new variants of El Tor strains.

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The Zymovars of Vibrio cholerae: Multilocus Enzyme Electrophoresis of Vibrio cholerae

Cited by 9 publications

References 17 publications

Genetic diversity and antibiotic resistance of clinical and environmental Vibrio cholerae suggests that many serogroups are reservoirs of resistance

Genetic diversity and antibiotic resistance of clinical and environmental Vibrio cholerae suggests that many serogroups are reservoirs of resistance

PCR-based identification ofVibrio choleraeand the closely related speciesVibrio mimicususing the large chromosomalorisequence ofVibrio cholerae

Cholera Outbreaks in the El Tor Biotype Era and the Impact of the New El Tor Variants

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