Nematode Infections Are Risk Factors for Staphylococcal Infection in Children

Moreira-Silva, Sandra Fagundes; Leite, Alba L. A.; Brito, Eliana F.; Pereira, Fausto Edmundo Lima

doi:10.1590/s0074-02762002000300021

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Pyogenic infections were more frequent in children with Toxocara granulomas than in children in which these granulomas were not found (3/10, 30% and 23/300, 7.6%, respectively; prevalence rate=3.94, p=0.042), confirming previous observations demonstrating a significant association of Toxocara infection with pyogenic liver abscess in children [10,11].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Although the classical visceral larva migrans syndrome has been diagnosed at the HINSG, its prevalence is not known. However, a high prevalence of anti-Toxocara antibodies has been reported there in children with pyogenic liver abscesses and different staphylococcal infections [10,11]. In addition, a study of 22 autopsied cases of pyogenic liver abscess in children from the HINSG demonstrated eosinophil-rich granulomas in the liver in six children (27.2 %), in which Toxocara antigens were detected by a polyclonal antiToxocara serum [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of Toxocara-induced liver granulomas, detected by immunohistochemistry, in a series of autopsies at a Children’s Reference Hospital in Vitoria, ES, Brazil

Musso¹,

Castelo

Tsanaclis

et al. 2007

Virchows Arch

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The aim of this investigation was to study the frequency of visceral larva migrans (VLM) granulomas in autopsies at a Children's Reference Hospital in Vitoria, ES Brazil, where anti-Toxocara antibodies are frequently detected in the serum of children admitted at the hospital. Two liver fragments from 310 autopsies of children aged between 1 and 15 years were paraffin embedded, and sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and submitted to detection of Toxocara antigens using a rabbit anti-Toxocara serum. Among the 24 cases with granulomatous lesions, ten had eosinophil-rich granulomas positively stained with the anti-Toxocara serum. Some were typical epithelioid granulomas, with a positive reaction in multinucleated giant cells, epithelioid cells, or necrotic debris. The results showed that VLM granulomas are the most frequent granulomatous hepatitis in children in our county. This agrees with the high prevalence of anti-Toxocara antibodies in the serum of children admitted to the Children's Reference Hospital. The 3.2% frequency of liver VLM granulomas in autopsies is less than the 30-39% frequency of positive serology in these children, probably reflecting the low larval burden in infected children.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Toxocara-induced liver granulomas, detected by immunohistochemistry, in a series of autopsies at a Children’s Reference Hospital in Vitoria, ES, Brazil

Musso¹,

Castelo

Tsanaclis

et al. 2007

Virchows Arch

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“…In this hospital, a significant association between staphylococcal infection and the presence of anti-Toxocara antibodies was reported 23 . In addition, larva migrans granulomas were observed in 3.2% of livers from routine autopsies at the same hospital 24 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Anti-Toxocara antibodies detected in children attending elementary school in Vitoria, State of Espírito Santo, Brazil: prevalence and associated factors

Fragoso

Monteiro

Lemos

et al. 2011

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Introduction:The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of anti-Toxocara antibodies in serum from 7-year-old children attending elementary school in Vitória-ES, Brazil and to correlate these antibodies with socio-demographic factors, the presence of intestinal helminths, blood eosinophil numbers, past history of allergy or asthma, and clinical manifestations of helminth infections. Methods: The detection of anti-Toxocara antibodies was performed using an ELISA (Cellabs Pty Ltd)on serum from 391 children who had already been examined by fecal examination and blood cell counts. Data from clinical and physical examinations were obtained for all children. Results: The prevalence of anti-Toxocara antibodies was 51.6%, with no gender differences. No significant differences were observed between positive serology and the presence or absence of intestinal worms (60.3 and 51.7%, respectively; p = 0.286). The only variables significantly related to positive serology were onycophagy and the use of unfiltered water. Although eosinophilia (blood eosinophil count higher than 600/mm 3 ) was significantly related to the presence of a positive ELISA result, this significance disappeared when we considered only children without worms or without a past history of allergy or asthma. No clinical symptoms related to Toxocara infection were observed. Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of anti-Toxocara antibodies in children attending elementary schools in Vitória, which may be partially related to cross-reactivity with intestinal helminths or to a high frequency of infection with a small number of Toxocara eggs. Keywords: Toxocara canis.Toxocariasis.Toxocara infection.Visceral larva migrans. RESUMO Introdução:O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a prevalência de anticorpos anti-Toxocara em crianças admitidas no primeiro ano de escola fundamental em Vitória e correlacionar com variáveis sociodemográficas, helmintos intestinais, eosinófilos no sangue, geofagia, onicofagia, história de asma e alergia cutânea e manifestações clínicas. Métodos: A pesquisa de anticorpos anti-Toxocara, utilizando um teste de ELISA (Cellabs), foi realizada em 391 crianças nas quais foram realizados exames parasitológicos de fezes e hemograma completo. Todas as crianças foram submetidas a exame clínico e físico. Resultados: A prevalência de reação positiva foi de 51,6%, sem diferença entre os sexos. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas na prevalência de reação positiva em crianças com ou sem helmintos intestinais (60,3 e 51,7%, respectivamente; p = 0.286). Ainda que a frequência de eosinófilos acima de 600/mm 3 tenha sido significativamente maior em crianças com sorologia positiva, a significância desapareceu quando se considerou as crianças sem helmintos intestinais ou história pregressa de asma ou alergia cutânea. As únicas variáveis significativamente correlacionadas, de modo independente, com a presença de sorologia positiva foram onicofagia e hábito de beber água não filtrada. Nenhuma criança apresentou manifestação clínica...

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“…Liver abscesses have been described in patients infected with Toxocara canis (visceral larva migrans) and intestinal nematodes (Rayes et al 1999, Moreira-Silva et al 2002. Tropical pyomyositis (pyogenic muscle abscesses) caused by S. aureus has also been described in association with T. canis infection .…”

Section: Pyogenic Liver Abscessesmentioning

confidence: 99%