Isotype specific immune responses in murine experimental toxocariasis

Abstract

In this work, a murine experimental model of toxocariasis has been developed in BALB

Enhanced expression of transforming growth factor-?1 in inflammatory cells and secretory granules in Paneth cells in the small intestine of mice infected with Toxocara canis

“…A previous study suggested that a mucosal Th2-dependent response was involved in the regulation of Paneth cell numbers in the small intestine of T. spiralis-infected mice (Kamal et al 2001). Since the immunological response of T. canis-infected mice was also Th2-dependent (Smith 1991;Cuellar et al 2001;Fan et al 2003), whether Th2-dominant inflammatory cells bearing TGF-b1 also played a similar role in regulating Paneth cell expression in T. canis infection warranted further investigations. Nevertheless, it seemed that Paneth cells were the earliest defense cells against larval invasion of the gut through an increase in the secretory granules.…”

Predictors and markers of resistance to neurotropic nematode infection in rodent host

“…Neurotropic larvae accumulate in the rodent's brain (where they can be quantified) 14 days after infection and presumably make the paratenic host vulnerable to predation for the final carnivorous host. Hence, this parasite should be suitable for detection of the fitness consequences of immune dysfunction in rodents because the fitness of the parasite depends on (1) its ability to survive the attacks of host's immune system and (2) its ability to debilitate host behavior and turn it to vulnerable prey (e.g., Cox and Holland 1998;Cuéllar et al 2001). We expect that fitness-related variation in host condition will be reflected by differential resistance subsequent to infection with the standard dose of parasite and that markers of infection resistance potential can be elucidated by measuring correlations between condition indices and infection intensity.…”

“…Further, we ask how different heavily infected individuals are from more resistant ones in terms of their health parameters measured in the course of disease and why. This issue also bears a certain applied meaning because larval toxocariasis (which constitutes a serious epidemiological problem in many countries) develops similarly in human and rodent hosts (e.g., Cuéllar et al 2001). Yet, the functional importance of immune processes elicited by T. canis larvae in paratenic host appears enigmatic (e.g., Pritchard et al 1997).…”

Inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibition influenced granuloma formation with suppressed collagen expression in myositis caused by Toxocara canis in mice

“…Many studies have indicated that iNOS and NO play a certain role in wound healing, which requires increased collagen synthesis and deposition through NO-mediated activation of various cytokines especially of TGF-β1 (Roberts and Sporn 1996;Cuellar et al 2001;Schwentker et al 2002). In both animal studies and in vitro, the link between NO and collagen deposition has been well described.…”

“…Several studies have indicated that T. canis larvae might elicit varying degrees of granulomatous inflammation in internal organs including the musculature of mice (Fan et al 2003;Kayes 2006). In addition, constant activation of the Th2-type immune response in experimental toxocariasis might drive these lesions to develop into fibrotic granulomas with an extensive extracellular matrix, e.g., collagen accumulation through modulation of fibrosis-related cytokines, especially of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) that is harmfully destructive to these organs (Blobe et al 2000;Cuellar et al 2001;Fan et al 2003;Kayes 2006).…”