Detection of poxvirus in cattle associated with human cases in the State of Rio de Janeiro: preliminary report

Schatzmayr, Hermann G.; Lemos, Elba Regina Sampaio de; Mazur, Carlos; Schubach, Armando de Oliveira; Majerowicz, Selma; Rozental, Tatiana; Schubach, Tânia Maria Pacheco; Bustamante, Maria Cristina; Barth, Ortrud Monika

doi:10.1590/s0074-02762000000500007

Cited by 42 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Orthopoxvirus infections in human and animals have been described in several countries (Lum et al 1967, Mesquita & Schatzmayr 1969, Topciu et al 1976, Schatzmayr et al 2000. Nagasse-Sugahara et al (2004), studying 74 cases of a vesicular human disease in the Paraíba river valley in the state of São Paulo, indicated the circulation of poxviruses in the area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This last virus was recently introduced into North America by importation of pet rodents (CDC 2003). Since 1999, orthopoxvirus infections have been reported in the state of Rio de Janeiro (RJ) as a zoonotic disease, involving dairy cattle and people in contact with the affected animals (Damaso et al 2000;Schatzmayr et al 2000). The Cantagalo strain was characterized at molecular level as a vaccinia-like virus that resembled the vaccinia/IOC strain used for vaccine preparation in the past (Damaso et al 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Cantagalo strain was characterized at molecular level as a vaccinia-like virus that resembled the vaccinia/IOC strain used for vaccine preparation in the past (Damaso et al 2000). Later on, other orthopoxviruses, isolated mainly in the southeastern region of the country were also confirmed as vaccinia-like poxviruses (Schatzmayr et al 2000, De Souza Trindade et al 2003, Nagasse-Sugahara et al 2004). The present article describes studies carried out in 12 counties in the northwestern and Paraíba river valley regions of Rio de Janeiro state (RJ) over the last 9 years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Animal infections by vaccinia-like viruses in the state of Rio de Janeiro: an expanding disease

et al. 2009

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In the present study we investigated the presence of infections by vaccinia-like viruses in dairy cattle from 12 counties in the state of Rio de Janeiro in the last 9 years. Clinical specimens were collected from adult animals with vesicular/pustular lesions mainly in the udder and teats, and from calves with lesions around the nose and mouth. A plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) was applied to search for antibodies to Orthopoxvirus; the vesicular/pustular fluids and scabs were examined by PCR, electron microscopy (EM) and by inoculation in VERO cells for virus isolation. Antibodies to Orthopoxvirus were detected in most cases. The PCR test indicated a high nucleotide homology among the isolates and the vaccinia viruses (VACV) used as controls. By EM, typical orthopoxvirus particles were observed in some specimens. The agents isolated in tissue culture were confirmed as vaccinia-like viruses by EM and PCR. The HA gene of the vaccinia-like Cantagalo/IOC virus isolated in our laboratory was sequenced and compared with other vaccinia-like isolates, showing high homology with the original Cantagalo strain, both strains isolated in 1999 from dairy cattle. Antibodies to Orthopoxvirus were detected in one wild rodent (genus Akodon sp.) collected in the northwestern region of the state, indicating the circulation of poxvirus in this area. Nonetheless, PCR applied to tissue samples collected from the wild rodents were negative. Vesicular/pustular lesions in people in close contact with animals have been also recorded. Thus, the vaccinia-like virus infections in cattle and humans in the state seem to be an expanding condition, resulting in economic losses to dairy herds and leading to transient incapacitating human disease. Therefore, a possible immunization of the dairy cattle in the state should be carefully evaluated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Animal infections by vaccinia-like viruses in the state of Rio de Janeiro: an expanding disease

et al. 2009

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“…In Kuwait, a poxvirus was isolated from a skin lesion on Rattus norvegicus and the tests indicated that it was a hemorrhagic poxvirus [99]. After 1999, outbreaks of vaccinia-like viruses began to be reported in Brazil [100][101][102][103][104][105].…”

Section: Persistence and Re-emergence Of Orthopoxviruses In Naturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Starting in 1999 and continuing until today, more than 100 samples of vaccinia-like orthopoxviruses have been isolated from cattle and humans in dairy farms in Brazil [100][101][102][103][104][105]142]. This infection has become an important zoonotic disease, not only because of the health issues to humans and cattle (Figure 1), but also because it results in economic losses to the region.…”

Section: Persistence and Re-emergence Of Orthopoxviruses In Naturementioning

confidence: 99%

When good vaccines go wild: Feral Orthopoxvirus in developing countries and beyond

Moussatché

Damaso

McFadden

2008

J Infect Dev Ctries

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The presence of zoonotic poxviruses in nature represents a potential human health risk that has to be re-evaluated by health authorities not only in developing countries, but also in many developed countries. For example, buffalopox virus infection remains to be a threat to humans and cattle in India, and monkeypox virus infection persists in several inhabited places in Africa and, more recently, in the USA. There are also a great number of zoonotic transmissions of cowpox virus from cats to humans in Europe. For almost a decade in Brazil, vaccinia-like viruses have been isolated from human and cattle infections. This review examines the ability of potentially pathogenic orthopoxviruses, including feral versions of vaccinia virus vaccine, to persist in nature and re-emerge for reasons we do not yet understand.

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T‐Cell epitope discovery for variola and vaccinia viruses

Kennedy

2006

Reviews in Medical Virology

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Variola major, the causative agent of smallpox, afflicted mankind throughout history until the worldwide World Health Organisation WHO vaccination campaign successfully eradicated the disease. Unfortunately, recent concerns about bioterrorism have renewed scientific interest in this virus. One essential component of our biodefense and preparedness efforts is an understanding of poxvirus immunity. To this end a number of laboratories have sought to discover T- and B-Cell epitopes from select agents such as variola virus. This review focuses on the efforts to identify CD8(+) T-Cell epitopes from poxviruses as a means to develop new vaccines and therapeutics. A wide variety of techniques have been employed by several research groups to provide complementary information regarding cellular immune responses to poxviruses. In the last several years well over 100 T-Cell epitopes have been identified and the work rapidly continues. The information gleaned from these studies will not only give us a greater understanding of immunity to variola virus and other viruses, but also provide a foundation for next generation vaccines and additional tools with which to study host-pathogen interactions.

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Detection of poxvirus in cattle associated with human cases in the State of Rio de Janeiro: preliminary report

Cited by 42 publications

References 3 publications

Animal infections by vaccinia-like viruses in the state of Rio de Janeiro: an expanding disease

Animal infections by vaccinia-like viruses in the state of Rio de Janeiro: an expanding disease

When good vaccines go wild: Feral Orthopoxvirus in developing countries and beyond

T‐Cell epitope discovery for variola and vaccinia viruses

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