Rabies in tamarins (Callithrix jacchus) in the State of Ceará, Brazil, a distinct viral variant?

Batista-Morais, Nélio; Neilson-Rolim, Benedito; Matos-Chaves, H. H.; Brito-Neto, João de; Maria-da-Silva, L.

doi:10.1590/s0074-02762000000500003

Cited by 25 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Between 1990 and 2016, 19 human cases of laboratory‐confirmed rabies, all associated with exposure by C. jacchus , were registered in the Ministry of Health: 14 in the state of Ceará and 5 in the state of Piauí, the latter in 2000 and 2001 (Batista‐Morais, Rolim, Chaves, Neto, & Silva, ; SVS/MS, ). The total number of rabies cases in marmosets in the states of Rio Grande do Norte, Ceará, Pernambuco and Piauí confirmed via laboratory tests during this same period was 59.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non‐human primates as a reservoir for rabies virus in Brazil

Kotait

Oliveira²,

Carrieri

et al. 2018

Zoonoses and Public Health

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Rabies virus (RABV) does not persist in the environment as it is a very fragile agent. The primary hosts are mammalian species in the orders Carnivora and Chiroptera. Since the late 1980s, RABV has been isolated from non‐human primates, Callithrix jacchus (the white‐tufted marmoset), in four coastal states (Rio Grande do Norte, Ceará, Piauí and Pernambuco) in north‐eastern Brazil, where this species is indigenous. The original habitat of C. jacchus consisted of two Brazilian biomes, the Atlantic Forest and the Caatinga. However, these marmosets have since adapted to other ecosystems as a result of human activities. Between 1988 and 1989, RABV isolates were obtained from white‐tufted marmosets in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, but antigenic and genetic identification studies were not conducted at that time. In the following years, three additional states reported cases (Ceará, Piauí and Pernambuco). In two of these states (Ceará and Piauí), human cases of rabies transmitted by marmosets were reported. According to Brazilian Health Ministry data, at least 19 human cases in which this species was the source of infection were registered in between 1990 and 2016. Recent findings in laboratory tests of 12 rabid samples from humans and marmosets and the regional transmission among these animals for over 20 years, together with the gradual increase in the affected geographic area, support the concept of the emergence of a new RABV reservoir. Regional tourism, the wild animal trade and the cultural practice of maintaining these animals as pets, particularly in coastal regions, appear to be major risk factors for the increase in human cases. Additional epidemiological and ecological studies are required to better understand local disease dynamics and to identify ideal opportunities for prevention and control of this fatal infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non‐human primates as a reservoir for rabies virus in Brazil

Kotait

Oliveira²,

Carrieri

et al. 2018

Zoonoses and Public Health

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“…In the last 5 years in Brazil, more than 400,000 people per year were submitted to medical care due to rabies virus exposure (Brasil 2008). Eight human cases of rabies contracted from nonhuman primates were diagnosed in northeastern Brazil, suggesting this species as a possible reservoir in this region (Morais et al 2000;Favoretto et al 2001). Forty-eight states of the USA and Puerto Rico reported 6,154 rabid animals; approximately 92 % of the reported rabid animals were wildlife (Blanton et al 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These findings of the rabies antibodies in apparently healthy monkeys are very interesting for further studies to better understand the dynamics of the infection in capuchin monkeys. In northern and northeastern Brazil, nonhuman primates are of great importance in the wild cycle of rabies transmission (Morais et al 2000;Carnieli et al 2008b), occasionally transmitting the disease to humans (Brasil 2008;Funasa 2010). Evidence of circulating rabies virus was found in capuchin monkeys in the State of São Paulo, and human exposure to animals serologically positive for rabies is a potential public health problem.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to rabies virus in a population of free-ranging capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella nigritus) in a fragmented, environmentally protected area in southeastern Brazil

et al. 2012

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The aim of this study is to assess the frequency of rabies antibodies in free-ranging capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella nigritus) in a fragmented, environmentally protected, rural area of southeastern Brazil. Thirty-six free-ranging monkeys were tested by the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test for detection of antibodies against rabies virus. Four individuals (11.11 %) had neutralizing antibody titers ≥ 0.25 IU/mL, demonstrating rabies virus exposure.

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“…Interestingly, tamarins have been used for the study of experimental infection with Rabies virus, Epstein–Barr virus, Hepatitis A virus and Herpesvirus as well as GBV-B (Mackett et al, 1996; Batista-Morais et al, 2000; Purcell et al, 2002; de Thoisy et al, 2003; Martin et al, 2003; Takikawa et al, 2010). Therefore we hope that our system may be useful for examining the role of NK cells in the control of viral infection as well as to develop novel antiviral strategies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Natural Killer Cells in Tamarins: A Technical Basis for Studies of Innate Immunity

Yoshida¹,

Saito²,

Iwasaki³

et al. 2010

Front. Microbio.

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Natural killer (NK) cells are capable of regulating viral infection without major histocompatibility complex restriction. Hepatitis C is caused by chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV), and impaired activity of NK cells may contribute to the control of the disease progression, although the involvement of NK cells in vivo remains to be proven. GB virus B (GBV-B), which is genetically most closely related to HCV, induces acute and chronic hepatitis upon experimental infection of tamarins. This non-human primate model seems likely to be useful for unveiling the roles of NK cells in vivo. Here we characterized the biological phenotypes of NK cells in tamarins and found that depletion of the CD16+ subset in vivo by administration of a monoclonal antibody significantly reduced the number and activity of NK cells.

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Rabies in tamarins (Callithrix jacchus) in the State of Ceará, Brazil, a distinct viral variant?

Cited by 25 publications

References 1 publication

Non‐human primates as a reservoir for rabies virus in Brazil

Non‐human primates as a reservoir for rabies virus in Brazil

Exposure to rabies virus in a population of free-ranging capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella nigritus) in a fragmented, environmentally protected area in southeastern Brazil

Characterization of Natural Killer Cells in Tamarins: A Technical Basis for Studies of Innate Immunity

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