Contribution to the sand fly fauna (Diptera: Phlebotominae) of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil and Leishmania (Viannia) infections

Abstract

American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) is endemic in the

Sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in rural and urban environments in an endemic area of cutaneous leishmaniasis in southern Brazil

“…fischeri naturally infected with Leishmania braziliensis has only recently been found in the Southeast Region of Brazil (Margonari et al 2010, Rocha et al 2010, but the other species have all been found naturally infected by Leishmania (Viannia) sp. in PR and in other areas of South America (de Queiroz et al 1994, da Silva & Grunewald 1999, Luz et al 2000, Pita-Pereira et al 2005, 2009 residence of an American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) case; 2.1: tree close to the veranda of home; 2.2: peridomicile, avocado tree used as a perch for birds; 2.3: peridomicile, tree close to pigsty; 3: residence of an ACL case; 3.1: peridomicile in a jaboticaba tree close to the home; 3.2: orange tree close to the pigsty and residence; 3.3: bamboo, distant 10 m from the residence, next to a pasture, a pound and a small forest; 4.1: pigsty close to the residence; 4.2: pigsty situated at the forest edge, 50 m far from the residence; 4.3: forest edge tree (50 m far the point 4.2); F: female; M: male.…”

Assessment of PCR in the detection of Leishmania spp in experimentally infected individual phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae)

“…In the last ten years, molecular methods have been developed for the identification of certain species of Leishmania, either isolated from cultures or from patients 13 as well as in the detection of the parasite in a pool of phlebotomine specimens 14 . The main advantages of these methods are their sensitivity and specificity, independently of the number, stage and localization of the Leishmania in the digestive tract of the vector 10 .…”

“…The main advantages of these methods are their sensitivity and specificity, independently of the number, stage and localization of the Leishmania in the digestive tract of the vector 10 . In the last few years, it has been successfully applied to field studies on the vectorial competence of phlebotomine sandflies 1,12 , even in areas with low rates of infection 9,14 .…”

Description of the female of Evandromyia rupicola (Martins, Godoy & Silva) with a review of the rupicola series (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae)

“…Spermatheca width less than twice that of the individual sperm duct, this being as long as the common duct (Fig 12) ……………….……………............…… E. rupicola Width of spermatheca at least three times that of the individual duct, this being shorter than the common duct (Fig 19) So far, we have information that the rupicola series is restricted to Brazil and is limited to the Atlantic forest domain. Evandromyia correalimai is the species with the widest known distribution, including interior areas of the Southeastern (Forattini et al 1976, Galati et al 2010 and Southern regions (Martins et al 1970, 1978, Gomes & Galati 1977, Aguiar et al 1989, Dias et al 1997, Silva & Grunewald 1999, Luz et al 2000, Massafera et al 2005, Dias-Sversutti et al 2007, Silva et al 2008. Evandromyia rupicola is restricted to the Southeastern region, in the mountainous region of eastern Minas Gerais state (Mayrink et al 1979), Rio de Janeiro state (Martins et al 1962, 1978, Aguiar et al 1985, Afonso et al 2007 and in the coastal area of São Paulo state (Condino 2007).…”

“…Bar = 100 µm. (Forattini et al 1976, Galati et al 2010, PARANÁ state (Apucarana, Arapongas, Borrazópolis, Bandeirantes, Curitiba, Doutor Camargo, Jacarezinho, Jussara, Londrina and Marumbi municipalities (Martins et al 1970, 1978, Gomes & Galati 1977, Aguiar et al 1989, Luz et al 2000, Massafera et al 2005, Dias-Sversutti et al 2007, Silva et al 2008 and RIO GRANDE DO SUL (Derrubadas and Tenente Portela municipalities) (Dias et al 1997, Silva & Grunewald 1999. Evandromyia rupicola: MINAS GERAIS -Caratinga municipality (Mayrink et al 1979), RIO DE JANEIRO state -Magé, Petrópolis, Resende/Itatiaia municipalities (Martins et al 1962, 1978, Aguiar et al 1985, Afonso et al 2007 and SÃO PAULO state -Ilhabela and Ubatuba municipalities (Condino 2007 …”