Effects of Euphorbia milii latex on Schistosoma mansoni eggs, miracidia and cercariae

A penta-substituted pyridine alkaloid from the rhizome of Jatropha elliptica (Pohl) Muell. Arg. is active against Schistosoma mansoni and Biomphalaria glabrata

“…Therefore, to prevent such penetration is also a potential way of controlling infection (De-Carvalho et al 1998). Activity presented by compound 8 was considerably stronger than that presented by the mixture of robustic acid, alpinum isoflavone and dimethylalpinum isoflavone isolated from the seeds of Milletia thonningii , which was lethal to cercariae at a concentration of 50 μg/mL after an exposure time of 30 min (Lyddiard et al 2002).…”

“…Activity presented by compound 8 was considerably stronger than that presented by the mixture of robustic acid, alpinum isoflavone and dimethylalpinum isoflavone isolated from the seeds of Milletia thonningii , which was lethal to cercariae at a concentration of 50 μg/mL after an exposure time of 30 min (Lyddiard et al 2002). In contrast, however, the synthetic molluscicide niclosamide when applied at a concentration of 0.05 μg/mL induced 87 and 69 % mortality, respectively, in cercariae and miracidia of S. mansoni following 2 h of exposure (De-Carvalho et al 1998). …”

“…Various natural compounds have been shown to be toxic to miracidia and cercariae (Santos et al 2007; Kamel et al 2010), and some plants were reported to possess components that can inhibit the penetration of cercariae through human skin (De-Carvalho et al 1998). Crude aqueous extract of Zingiber officinale (Mostafa et al 2011) and pure compounds as artemether (Abdul-Ghani et al 2011) and dihydroartemisinin (Li et al 2011) have showed in vivo schistosomicidal effects, but so far, no new drug has been marketed for the treatment of schistosomiasis (Miranda et al 2012).…”

Toxicity of Euphorbia milii Latex and Niclosamide to Snails and Nontarget Aquatic Species

“…Holz and Hwa (1963) observed that several algae (Diatoms, Scenedesmus, Chlorococcus, Kirchneriella, and Ankistrodesmus) were slightly a!ected by niclosamide at concentrations as high as 2 mg/L and that Scenedesmus was eradicated at concentrations as high as 5 mg/L. Furthermore, data from other studies indicate that niclosamide is active against some helminths, including miracidia and cercariae of Schistosoma trematodes (Andrews et al, 1983;Monkiedje et al, 1991), while latex is not toxic to these developmental stages of S. mansoni (De-Carvalho et al, 1998).…”

Obtenção e avaliação da atividade de compostos isolados de Piper em modelos biológicos para o controle da esquistossomose mansônica.

“…As plantas em estudo devem ser abundantes em áreas endêmicas da doença, ou serem facilmente cultiváveis, o produto ativo responsável pela toxidez deve estar presente em partes de fácil regeneração da planta, como folhas, flores, frutos e sementes. O princípio ativo deve ser extraído preferencialmente com água e manter-se ativo sob alterações físicas e químicas como pH, luz solar e alterações de temperatura (KLOOS; MCCULLOUGH, 1982;WHO, 1983 (BAPTISTA et al, 1994;DE-CARVALHO et al, 1998;SCHALL et al, 1998 …”