Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes among Blood Donors from Different Regions of Brazil

Martins, Regina Maria Bringel; Vanderborght, Bart; Yoshida, Clara Fumiko Tachibana

doi:10.1590/s0074-02761998000300004

Cited by 20 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…In this state, we presently found genotypes 1, 2 and 3 at frequencies similar to those previously reported (19)(20)(21)(22), except for genotype 2. In another study involving intravenous drug users from Rio de Janeiro, genotype 2 was found at a higher frequency (23).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Geographic distribution of hepatitis C virus genotypes in Brazil

Campiotto

Pinho

Carrilho

et al. 2005

Braz J Med Biol Res

174

102

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Brazil is a country of continental dimension with a population of different ethnic backgrounds. Thus, a wide variation in the frequencies of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes is expected to occur. To address this point, 1,688 sequential samples from chronic HCV patients were analyzed. HCV-RNA was amplified by the RT-PCR from blood samples collected from 1995 to 2000 at different laboratories located in different cities from all Brazilian States. Samples were collected in tubes containing a gel separator, centrifuged in the site of collection and sent by express mail in a refrigerated container to Laboratório Bioquímico Jardim Paulista, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. HCV-RNA was extracted from serum and submitted to RT and nested PCR using standard procedures. Nested PCR products were submitted to cycle sequencing reactions without prior purification. Sequences were analyzed for genotype determination and the following frequencies were found: 64.9% (1,095) for genotype 1, 4.6% (78) for genotype 2, 30.2% (510) for genotype 3, 0.2% (3) for genotype 4, and 0.1% (2) for genotype 5. The frequencies of HCV genotypes were statistically different among Brazilian regions (P = 0.00017). In all regions, genotype 1 was the most frequent (51.7 to 74.1%), reaching the highest value in the North; genotype 2 was more prevalent in the Center-West region (11.4%), especially in Mato Grosso State (25.8%), while genotype 3 was more common in the South (43.2%). Genotypes 4 and 5 were rarely found and only in the Southeast, in São Paulo State. The present data indicate the need for careful epidemiological surveys throughout Brazil since knowing the frequency and distribution of the genotypes would provide key information for understanding the spread of HCV.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Geographic distribution of hepatitis C virus genotypes in Brazil

Campiotto

Pinho

Carrilho

et al. 2005

Braz J Med Biol Res

174

102

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“…No association was found between HCV infection and sexual risk behavior, confirming previous findings that hepatitis C among IDUs seems to be a consequence of repeated exposure to contaminated injection equipment (21). The distribution of HCV genotypes found here parallels the patterns observed in non-IDU populations from Brazil, with a higher prevalence of genotype 1 (26). However, the frequency of HCV genotype 3 among IDUs was relatively high in comparison with other populations (15), as also observed among German IDUs (27).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Prevalence and risk factors for HBV, HCV and HDV infections among injecting drug users from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Oliveira

Bastos

Telles

et al. 1999

Braz J Med Biol Res

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Viral hepatitis constitutes a major health issue, with high prevalence among injecting drug users (IDUs). The present study assessed the prevalence and risk determinants for hepatitis B, C and D viruses (HBV, HCV and HDV) infections among 102 IDUs from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Serological markers and HCV-RNA were detected by enzyme immunoassay and nested PCR, respectively. HCV genotyping was determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (RFLP). HBsAg, anti-HBc and anti-HBs were found in 7.8, 55.8 and 24.7% of IDUs, respectively. In the final logistic regression, HBV infection was independently associated with male homosexual intercourse within the last 5 years (odds ratio (OR) 3.1; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1-8.8). No subject presented anti-delta (anti-HD). Anti-HCV was detected in 69.6% of subjects, and was found to be independently associated with needle sharing in the last 6 months (OR 3.4; 95% CI 1.3-9.2) and with longer duration of iv drug use (OR 3.1; 95% CI 1.1-8.7). These data demonstrate that this population is at high risk for both HBV and HCV infection. Among IDUs from Rio de Janeiro, unprotected sexual intercourse seems to be more closely associated with HBV infection, whereas HCV is positively correlated with high risk injecting behavior. Comprehensive public health interventions targeting this population and their sexual partners must be encouraged.

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“…The predominance of genotype 1 (68.75% of all HCV-RNA positive cases) also concurs with published data from other studies conducted in Brazil [42,[44][45][46].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Detection of hepatitis C virus RNA in saliva samples from patients with seric anti-HCV antibodies

Gonçalves¹,

Cunha²,

Busek³

et al. 2005

Braz J Infect Dis

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We examined the frequency of HCV-RNA in saliva samples from anti-HCV positive patients. Both plasma and saliva samples from 39 HCV patients (13 with normal liver enzymes, 19 with abnormal liver enzymes and 13 with cirrhosis) were investigated. Stimulated saliva and fresh plasma were centrifuged (900 x g,10 min) and stored at -70 o C, after the addition of guanidine isothiocyanate RNA extraction buffer. HCV-RNA was detected by RT-nested-PCR (amplification of HCV-cDNA for two rounds, using HCV primers 939/209 and 940/211). HCV genotyping was carried out by RFLP (using Mva I and Hinf 1 or Hae III and Rsa I restriction enzymes). Thirty-two out of 39 (82%; 95% CI=70-94%) anti-HCV-positive patients had HCV-RNA in plasma samples. Eight out of 39 (20.5%; 95% CI=6.6-34.4%) had HCV-RNA in the saliva. The HCV genotype in saliva samples from these patients matched the genotype found for plasma HCV-RNA. No significant correlation between the presence of HCV and either age, gender, HCV genotype or any risk factor for HCV infection was found. The observed prevalence (20.5% of anti HCV positive patients or 25% of the patients with HCV-RNA in plasma) was lower than that previously reported from other countries. The low frequency of HCV-RNA in saliva samples observed in our study may be due to the use of cell-free saliva. Other authors reporting higher frequencies of HCV-RNA in saliva used whole saliva, without centrifugation.

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Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes among Blood Donors from Different Regions of Brazil

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

Geographic distribution of hepatitis C virus genotypes in Brazil

Geographic distribution of hepatitis C virus genotypes in Brazil

Prevalence and risk factors for HBV, HCV and HDV infections among injecting drug users from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Detection of hepatitis C virus RNA in saliva samples from patients with seric anti-HCV antibodies

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