CD4+ and CD8+ T cell immune responses of immunocompetent and immunocompromised (AIDS) patients with american tegumentary leishmaniasis

Coutinho, S.; Da‐Cruz, Alda Maria; Oliveira, Márcia Pereira de; Mendonça, Sergio C. F.; Bertho, Álvaro Luiz; Luca, Paula Mello De

doi:10.1590/s0074-02761996000300024

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…In Rio de Janeiro State, the majority of the first cases described came from other endemic regions of the country, as an imported disease. Nevertheless, autochthonous cases have been described [5,13,14,15,16,18,19,20,21,30,48].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative analysis of the nitric oxide production by Leishmania sp.

Genestra

Souza

Cysne-Finkelstein

et al. 2003

Med Microbiol Immunol

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The present report explores a comparative analysis of nitric oxide (NO(*)) production by three different species of Leishmania (L. amazonensis, L. braziliensis and L. chagasi). Among these species, L. braziliensis produced the highest amount of NO(*), measured in the supernatants of promastigotes cultures as nitrite, a stable by-product derived from NO(*). We have previously described the expression of a constitutive nitric oxide synthase (cNOS) in L. amazonensis promastigotes and axenic amastigotes. Comparing those results with the present work, using immunofluorescence assay, it was shown that both L. braziliensis and L. chagasi also express a cNOS. Immunostaining experiments showed that promastigotes from early passages of these species in culture had a strong immunoreactivity against anti-cNOS and anti-endothelial cell NOS, in comparison with the same parasite cultured for long time, suggesting a correlation between the NO(*) production and the presence of metacyclic forms prominent in those newly isolated parasites. These data corroborate findings of a higher NO(*) production by those parasites, following the growth curve. The relationship between the two NO(*)-generating systems in the parasite and in their host cell warrants further investigation. The presence of cNOS raises the possibility of a similar type of cross-talk or down-regulation between the NO(*) signaling systems in host cells and the lower eukaryotic-like Leishmania sp.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative analysis of the nitric oxide production by Leishmania sp.

Genestra

Souza

Cysne-Finkelstein

et al. 2003

Med Microbiol Immunol

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“…Immunocompetent patients with CL have CD8 ϩ -cell clones that proliferate in response to the parasite and are associated with recovery from the disease (70,192). Coutinho et al (67) reported the case of a patient with CL and AIDS in whom the majority of reactive T cells after treatment were CD8 ϩ cells; in addition, this cellular response was accompanied by IFN-␥ production. In our laboratory, we observed that in four patients with AIDS and VL who showed a cellular response, two had a majority of CD8 ϩ cells (209).…”

Section: Humoral and Cellular Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leishmania and human immunodeficiency virus coinfection: the first 10 years

et al. 1997

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Over 850 Leishmania-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection cases have been recorded, the majority in Europe, where 7 to 17% of HIV-positive individuals with fever have amastigotes, suggesting that Leishmania-infected individuals without symptoms will express symptoms of leishmaniasis if they become immunosuppressed. However, there are indirect reasons and statistical data demonstrating that intravenous drug addiction plays a specific role in Leishmania infantum transmission: an anthroponotic cycle complementary to the zoonotic one has been suggested. Due to anergy in patients with coinfection, L. infantum dermotropic zymodemes are isolated from patient viscera and a higher L. infantum phenotypic variability is seen. Moreover, insect trypanosomatids that are currently considered nonpathogenic have been isolated from coinfected patients. HIV infection and Leishmania infection each induce important analogous immunological changes whose effects are multiplied if they occur concomitantly, such as a Th1-to-Th2 response switch; however, the consequences of the viral infection predominate. In fact, a large proportion of coinfected patients have no detectable anti-Leishmania antibodies. The microorganisms share target cells, and it has been demonstrated in vitro how L. infantum induces the expression of latent HIV-1. Bone marrow culture is the most useful diagnostic technique, but it is invasive. Blood smears and culture are good alternatives. PCR, xenodiagnosis, and circulating-antigen detection are available only in specialized laboratories. The relationship with low levels of CD4+ cells conditions the clinical presentation and evolution of disease. Most patients have visceral leishmaniasis, but asymptomatic, cutaneous, mucocutaneous, diffuse cutaneous, and post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis can be produced by L. infantum. The digestive and respiratory tracts are frequently parasitized. The course of coinfection is marked by a high relapse rate. There is a lack of randomized prospective treatment trials; therefore, coinfected patients are treated by conventional regimens. Prophylactic therapy is suggested to be helpful in preventing relapses.

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“…Considering the general hypothesis that particularities in the host immune response microenvironment may affect the outcome of Leishmania infection, several studies have been developed to characterize the innate and adaptive immunity of ACL patients to better understand the relationship between the host immune response and the clinical mapping of endemic areas [12–23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct Pattern of Immunophenotypic Features of Innate and Adaptive Immunity as a Putative Signature of Clinical and Laboratorial Status of Patients with Localized Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

et al. 2012

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In this study, we have analysed the phenotypic features of innate/adaptive immunity of patients with localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL), categorized according to their clinical/laboratorial status, including number of lesion (L1; L2–4), days of illness duration (≤60;>60) and positivity in the Montenegro skin test (MT−;MT+). Our findings highlighted a range of phenotypic features observed in patients with LCL (↑%HLA‐DR+ neutrophils; ↑CD8+ HLA‐DR+/CD4+ HLA‐DR+ T cell ratio; ↑HLA‐DR in B lymphocytes, ↑%CD23+ neutrophils, monocytes and B cells; ↑α‐Leishmania IgG and ↑serum + ). Selective changes were observed in L1 (↑%HLA‐DR+ neutrophils, ↑CD8+ HLA‐DR+/CD4+ HLA‐DR+ T cell ratio and ↑serum + ) as compared to L2–4 (↑%CD5− B cells; ↑CD23+ B cells and ↑α‐Leishmania IgG). Whilst ≤60 presented a mixed profile of innate/adaptive immunity (↓%CD28+ neutrophils and ↑%CD4+ T cells), >60 showed a well‐known leishmanicidal events (↑CD8+ T cells; ↑serum + and ↑α‐Leishmania IgG). MT+ patients showed increased putative leishmanicidal capacity (↑%HLA‐DR+ neutrophils; ↑%CD23+ monocytes; ↑CD8+ HLA‐DR+/CD4+ HLA‐DR+ T cell ratio and ↑ serum + ). Overall, a range of immunological biomarkers illustrates the complex immunological network associated with distinct clinical/laboratorial features of LCL with applicability in clinical studies.

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CD4+ and CD8+ T cell immune responses of immunocompetent and immunocompromised (AIDS) patients with american tegumentary leishmaniasis

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Comparative analysis of the nitric oxide production by Leishmania sp.

Comparative analysis of the nitric oxide production by Leishmania sp.

Leishmania and human immunodeficiency virus coinfection: the first 10 years

Distinct Pattern of Immunophenotypic Features of Innate and Adaptive Immunity as a Putative Signature of Clinical and Laboratorial Status of Patients with Localized Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

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