Mode of infection of Sarasinula marginata (Mollusca) with larvae of Angiostrongylus costaricensis (Nematoda)

Angiostrongylus costaricensis and the intermediate hosts: observations on elimination of L3 in the mucus and inoculation of L1 through the tegument of mollucs

“…The yield of L3 obtained was always quite variable and the number of inoculated larvae could not be controlled. Based on Thiengo 13 , injection of L1 through the tegument was carried out, as an alternative mode of experimental infection, allowing the control of inocula.…”

Angiostrongylus costaricensis: complete redescription of the migratory pathways based on experimental Sigmodon hispidus infection

“…They hatch and are eliminated with the feces. In nature, these larvae can penetrate intermediate hosts (mollusk) through oral (Morera 1973) and/or percutaneous infections (Thiengo 1996, Mendonça et al 1999). In the muscular layer of the invertebrate host they suffer two moultings (L1→L2→L3) and further elimination of L3 within the mucous secretion (Conejo & Morera 1988, Mendonça et al 1999.…”

Angiostrongylus costaricensis and experimental infection of Sarasinula marginata II: elimination routes

“…Its life cycle in invertebrate hosts begins with ingestion of the larval first stage (L 1 ) by the mollusk and/or percutaneous penetration by the larva, followed by two moultings (L 1 /L 2 /L 3 ) in the fibromuscular layer and, exceptionally, inside the viscera. Larvae L 3 are eliminated together with the mucous secretion of the mollusk (Morera & Céspedes 1971b, Conejo & Morera 1988, Thiengo 1996.…”