Bionomics of Anopheles aquasalis Curry 1932, in Guaraí, state of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil: I. Seasonal distribution and parity rates

Flores-Mendoza, Carmen; Lourenço‐de‐Oliveira, Ricardo

doi:10.1590/s0074-02761996000300001

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The mean heterozygosity values found for the analyzed Wyeomyia species are within the range observed for other mosquito groups, such as Anopheles (Narang et al 1991, Flores-Mendoza 1994.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Preliminary Evaluation of the Genetic Relatedness of Three Species of the Subgenus Dendromyia Theobald and Other Species of the Genus Wyeomyia Theobald (Diptera: Culicidae)

Motta

Lourenço‐de‐Oliveira

Monteiro

et al. 1998

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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“…The mean heterozygosity values found for the analyzed Wyeomyia species are within the range observed for other mosquito groups, such as Anopheles (Narang et al 1991, Flores-Mendoza 1994.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Preliminary Evaluation of the Genetic Relatedness of Three Species of the Subgenus Dendromyia Theobald and Other Species of the Genus Wyeomyia Theobald (Diptera: Culicidae)

Motta

Lourenço‐de‐Oliveira

Monteiro

et al. 1998

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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“…(Nys.) aquasalis occurs along almost the entire Brazilian Coast except southern SP, PR, SC and RS, rendering all these extra-Amazonian territories receptive to malaria introduction when their populations peak (Deane et al 1948, Flores-Mendoza & Lourenço-de-Oliveira 1996, Meneguzzi et al 2009). …”

Section: Malaria In the Extra-amazonian (Non-endemic) Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria in Brazil: what happens outside the Amazonian endemic region

Pina-Costa

Brasil

Santi

et al. 2014

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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127

170

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Brazil, a country of continental proportions, presents three profiles of malaria transmission. The first and most important numerically, occurs inside the Amazon. The Amazon accounts for approximately 60% of the nation’s territory and approximately 13% of the Brazilian population. This region hosts 99.5% of the nation’s malaria cases, which are predominantly caused by Plasmodium vivax (i.e., 82% of cases in 2013). The second involves imported malaria, which corresponds to malaria cases acquired outside the region where the individuals live or the diagnosis was made. These cases are imported from endemic regions of Brazil (i.e., the Amazon) or from other countries in South and Central America, Africa and Asia. Imported malaria comprised 89% of the cases found outside the area of active transmission in Brazil in 2013. These cases highlight an important question with respect to both therapeutic and epidemiological issues because patients, especially those with falciparum malaria, arriving in a region where the health professionals may not have experience with the clinical manifestations of malaria and its diagnosis could suffer dramatic consequences associated with a potential delay in treatment. Additionally, because the Anopheles vectors exist in most of the country, even a single case of malaria, if not diagnosed and treated immediately, may result in introduced cases, causing outbreaks and even introducing or reintroducing the disease to a non-endemic, receptive region. Cases introduced outside the Amazon usually occur in areas in which malaria was formerly endemic and are transmitted by competent vectors belonging to the subgenus Nyssorhynchus (i.e., Anopheles darlingi, Anopheles aquasalis and species of the Albitarsis complex). The third type of transmission accounts for only 0.05% of all cases and is caused by autochthonous malaria in the Atlantic Forest, located primarily along the southeastern Atlantic Coast. They are caused by parasites that seem to be (or to be very close to) P. vivax and, in a less extent, by Plasmodium malariae and it is transmitted by the bromeliad mosquito Anopheles (Kerteszia) cruzii. This paper deals mainly with the two profiles of malaria found outside the Amazon: the imported and ensuing introduced cases and the autochthonous cases. We also provide an update regarding the situation in Brazil and the Brazilian endemic Amazon.

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“…(Ker.) cruzii , Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) albitarsis and Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) aquasalis in the region may support the latter hypothesis [36,37]. In addition, the high proportion of monkeys found carrying antibodies against blood forms and sporozoites of P. brasilianum and P. simium may either reinforce the hypothesis of an increased transmission in the CPRJ neighborhoods or suggest that the prevalence of Plasmodium infection may be much higher than expected in this area of Atlantic Forest [9,15,21,38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Simian malaria in the Brazilian Atlantic forest: first description of natural infection of capuchin monkeys (Cebinae subfamily) by Plasmodium simium

Alvarenga

Pina-Costa²,

Sousa

et al. 2015

Malar J

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BackgroundIn Brazil, two species of Plasmodium have been described infecting non-human primates, Plasmodium brasilianum and Plasmodium simium. These species are morphologically, genetically and immunologically indistinguishable from the human Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium vivax parasites, respectively. Plasmodium simium has been observed naturally infecting monkeys of the genera Alouatta and Brachyteles in a restricted area of the Atlantic Forest in the south and southeast regions of Brazil. However, its reported geographical distribution and the diversity of its vertebrate hosts may be underestimated, since available data were largely based on analyses by microscopic examination of peripheral blood, a method with limited sensitivity, considering the potential sub-patent feature of these infections. The present study describes, for the first time, the natural infection of P. simium in capuchin monkeys from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest.MethodsBlood samples from 30 non-human primates belonging to nine species kept in the Primate Centre of Rio de Janeiro were collected. Fragments of spleen and liver from one dead monkey found in the neighborhoods of the Primate Centre were also analysed. Molecular diagnosis was performed by nested PCR (18SSU rRNA) and the amplified fragment was sequenced.ResultsThirty per cent of the captive animals were infected with P. simium and/or P. brasilianum. The dead monkey tested positive for DNA of P. simium. For the first time, Cebinae primates (two specimens of genus Cebus and two of genus Sapajos) were found naturally infected by P. simium. The infection was confirmed by sequencing a small fragment of 18SSU rRNA.ConclusionThe results highlight the possibility of infection by P. simium in other species of non-human primates whose impact could be significant for the malaria epidemiology among non-human primates and, if it becomes clear that this P. simium is able to infect monkeys and, eventually, man, also for the maintenance of transmission of human malaria in the context of a zoonosis in areas under influence of the Atlantic Forest.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12936-015-0606-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Bionomics of Anopheles aquasalis Curry 1932, in Guaraí, state of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil: I. Seasonal distribution and parity rates

Cited by 17 publications

References 11 publications

Preliminary Evaluation of the Genetic Relatedness of Three Species of the Subgenus Dendromyia Theobald and Other Species of the Genus Wyeomyia Theobald (Diptera: Culicidae)

Preliminary Evaluation of the Genetic Relatedness of Three Species of the Subgenus Dendromyia Theobald and Other Species of the Genus Wyeomyia Theobald (Diptera: Culicidae)

Malaria in Brazil: what happens outside the Amazonian endemic region

Simian malaria in the Brazilian Atlantic forest: first description of natural infection of capuchin monkeys (Cebinae subfamily) by Plasmodium simium

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