Hemolytic activity of Trichomonas vaginalis and Tritrichomonas foetus

Carli, Geraldo Attílio De; Brasseur, Philippe; Silva, Ana Maria C. da; Wendorff, Aline T.; Rott, Marilise Brittes

doi:10.1590/s0074-02761996000100019

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…The presence of surface carbohydrates (D-lactose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine) appears to be correlated with virulence (62,157,301). Surface saccharides seem to be involved in T. vaginalis hemolysis of erythrocytes (76) and phagocytosis of the target cells (36) and may be associated with drug susceptibility (84). On the other hand, endogenous lectins on the surface of the trichomonad cell may be important in adhesion (200,254).…”

Section: Adherence and Adhesinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and Microbiological Aspects ofTrichomonas vaginalis

et al. 1998

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SUMMARY Trichomonas vaginalis, a parasitic protozoan, is the etiologic agent of trichomoniasis, a sexually transmitted disease (STD) of worldwide importance. Trichomoniasis is the most common nonviral STD, and it is associated with many perinatal complications, male and female genitourinary tract infections, and an increased incidence of HIV transmission. Diagnosis is difficult, since the symptoms of trichomoniasis mimic those of other STDs and detection methods lack precision. Although current treatment protocols involving nitroimidazoles are curative, metronidazole resistance is on the rise, outlining the need for research into alternative antibiotics. Vaccine development has been limited by a lack of understanding of the role of the host immune response to T. vaginalis infection. The lack of a good animal model has made it difficult to conduct standardized studies in drug and vaccine development and pathogenesis. Current work on pathogenesis has focused on the host-parasite relationship, in particular the initial events required to establish infection. These studies have illustrated that the pathogenesis of T. vaginalis is indeed very complex and involves adhesion, hemolysis, and soluble factors such as cysteine proteinases and cell-detaching factor. T. vaginalis interaction with the members of the resident vaginal flora, an advanced immune evasion strategy, and certain stress responses enable the organism to survive in its changing environment. Clearly, further research and collaboration will help elucidate these pathogenic mechanisms, and with better knowledge will come improved disease control.

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Section: Adherence and Adhesinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and Microbiological Aspects ofTrichomonas vaginalis

et al. 1998

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“…T . vaginalis interacts with host epithelium cells through numerous surface adhesion molecules [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ], and its surface saccharide moiety is involved in the hemolysis of erythrocytes [ 7 ] and phagocytosis of the host cells [ 8 , 9 ]. Trichomonads lyse host cells and phagocytose cell debris for nutrient acquisition, concomitantly damaging the mucosal layer resulting in various cytopathic effects [ 10 , 11 ], including uropathogenic inflammation with worsening symptoms during menstruation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PIP2 regulating calcium signal modulates actin cytoskeleton-dependent cytoadherence and cytolytic capacity in the protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis

Chen,

Wu,

Lin

et al. 2023

PLoS Pathog

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Trichomonas vaginalis is a prevalent causative agent that causes trichomoniasis leading to uropathogenic inflammation in the host. The crucial role of the actin cytoskeleton in T. vaginalis cytoadherence has been established but the associated signaling has not been fully elucidated. The present study revealed that the T. vaginalis second messenger PIP2 is located in the recurrent flagellum of the less adherent isolate and is more abundant around the cell membrane of the adherent isolates. The T. vaginalis phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase (TvPI4P5K) with conserved activity phosphorylating PI(4)P to PI(4, 5)P2 was highly expressed in the adherent isolate and partially colocalized with PIP2 on the plasma membrane but with discrete punctate signals in the cytoplasm. Plasma membrane PIP2 degradation by phospholipase C (PLC)-dependent pathway concomitant with increasing intracellular calcium during flagellate-amoeboid morphogenesis. This could be inhibited by Edelfosine or BAPTA simultaneously repressing parasite actin assembly, morphogenesis, and cytoadherence with inhibitory effects similar to the iron-depleted parasite, supporting the significance of PIP2 and iron in T. vaginalis colonization. Intriguingly, iron is required for the optimal expression and cell membrane trafficking of TvPI4P5K for in situ PIP2 production, which was diminished in the iron-depleted parasites. TvPI4P5K-mediated PIP2 signaling may coordinate with iron to modulate T. vaginalis contact-dependent cytolysis to influence host cell viability. These observations provide novel insights into T. vaginalis cytopathogenesis during the host-parasite interaction.

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“…In our previous experiments, we noticed that T. tenax had hemolytic activity. It led us to study hemolysins of T. tenax , since hemolysins have been suggested to serve as virulence factors in many protozoan pathogens, including Trypanosoma congolense ( 27, 28), Trypanosoma brucei ( 14, 29), Entamoeba histolytica ( 21), Leishmania amazonensis ( 22) and T. vaginalis ( 4, 6, 24, 26) as well as some oral bacteria, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis ( 5, 13, 15, 16), Prevotella melaninogenica ( 1), Prevotella intermedia ( 2), Prevotella denticola ( 12), Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans ( 7) and Fusobacterium necrophorum ( 9).…”

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confidence: 99%

Two distinct hemolysins in Trichomonas tenax ATCC 30207

Nagao¹,

Yamamoto

Igarashi

et al. 2000

Oral Microbiology and Immunology

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An oral protist Trichomonas tenax ATCC 30207 was investigated for the ability to lyse erythrocytes of sheep, rabbits, horses and humans. Five fractions, including intact cells, culture supernatant, culture filtrate, cell debris and lipid-enriched fractions, were prepared from the protozoan cells, and their hemolytic activities were assayed under various conditions. All the samples except culture supernatant had hemolytic activities, which were due to two different kinds of hemolysins. One hemolysin was protein-like and mainly found in cell-free fractions: culture supernatant and culture filtrate. It was heat-labile and inhibited by various cysteine-proteinase inhibitors. The other hemolysin was lipid-like and found in cell-associated fractions: intact cells, cell-debris and lipid-enriched fractions. It was heat-stable, organic solvent-tolerant and unaffected by various proteinase inhibitors and stimulators. These results suggested that T. tenax ATCC 30207 possessed two distinct hemolysins, protein and lipid.

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Hemolytic activity of Trichomonas vaginalis and Tritrichomonas foetus

Abstract: The hemolytic activity of live isolates and clones of Trichomonas vaginalis and

Cited by 11 publications

References 24 publications

Clinical and Microbiological Aspects ofTrichomonas vaginalis

Clinical and Microbiological Aspects ofTrichomonas vaginalis

PIP2 regulating calcium signal modulates actin cytoskeleton-dependent cytoadherence and cytolytic capacity in the protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis

Two distinct hemolysins in Trichomonas tenax ATCC 30207

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