Vaccination against schistosomiasis and fascioliasis with the new recombinant antigen Sm14: potential basis of a multi-valent anti-helminth vaccine?

Tendler, Míriam; Vilar, Mônica Magno; Brito, Cristiana Alves; Freire, Nicolau Maués da Serra; Katz, Naftale; Simpson, Andrew

doi:10.1590/s0074-02761995000200022

Cited by 31 publications

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“…Resistance to S. mansoni infection is well demonstrated in experimental models of schistosomiasis, either after natural infection or after immunization with irradiated cercariae or certain defined S. mansoni antigens (9,11,26,29,33,36,40,50,59,71,73,74). The protective immune responses differ in these experimental models, being mainly humoral (IgE and IgG2a) in rats and mixed cellular and humoral in mice (13,14,34,38,39,41,42,51,52,59).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Immune Responses toSchistosoma mansoniVaccine Candidate Antigens

et al. 2000

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To determine the naturally occurring immunological responses to the Schistosoma mansoni antigens paramyosin, IrV-5, Sm-23 (MAP-3), and triose phosphate isomerase (MAP-4), a total of 119 subjects from an area of endemicity for schistosomiasis, including "resistant" subjects (n ‫؍‬ 17) were evaluated. Specific immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1), IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, and IgA levels for each of the antigens and the cytokine profile in culture supernatants from antigen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were determined. Although all the subjects had a high degree of contaminated water exposure, their infection levels were variable (0 to 1,128 eggs/g of stool). There were direct correlations between infection levels and levels of SWAP-and paramyosin-specific IgG1 and IgG4 (P < 0.05). However, an inverse correlation between infection levels and specific IgG2 to IrV-5 (P < 0.01) was observed. The evaluation of the cytokine profile (interleukin 5 [IL-5], IL-10, gamma interferon [IFN-␥], and tumor necrosis factor alpha) in response to these antigens showed inverse correlations between the degree of infection and IFN-␥ levels in PBMC supernatants stimulated with paramyosin (P < 0.05) and IrV-5 (P < 0.01). Additionally, inverse correlations between the degree of infection and IL-5 levels in MAP-3-and MAP-4-stimulated PBMC supernatants (P < 0.01) were found. Logistic regression analysis was performed to adjust the results of cytokine profile by age. IL-5 production in MAP-3-stimulated PBMC supernatants was associated with lower infection levels (odds ratio ‫؍‬ 11.2 [95% confidence interval, 2.7 to 45.8]).Schistosomiasis is a chronic parasitic infection that affects 200 million people in Africa, South America, and Asia (35). Although treatment of infected people with schistosomicidal drugs has in part controlled the morbidity of the disease, transmission is largely unaltered (3,5,24). The possibility of a schistosomiasis vaccine as an additional measure to control the disease arose from the fact that the parasite does not multiply in human beings and that reduction of infection levels by schistosomicidal drugs reduces the prevalence of severe forms of the disease. Moreover, in experimental models, partial immunity can be induced by vaccination with irradiated cercariae or specific antigens (2,11,14,26,36,37,58,59). Immunological studies of subjects from areas of endemicity have demonstrated a naturally occurring resistance to reinfection (4, 19, 22-25, 27, 28). Both high levels of specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) in sera and gamma interferon (IFN-␥) in antigen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures were associated with resistance to reinfection (1,22,24,25,27,28,56,57). These data suggest the participation of immunological mechanisms in human resistance to Schistosoma mansoni infection, with mixed cellular and humoral responses.Several S. mansoni antigens have been identified and tested in experimental models, with the induction of variable levels of protection against infection (11,32,49,59,61,(68)...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Immune Responses toSchistosoma mansoniVaccine Candidate Antigens

et al. 2000

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“…Studies are being conducted to develop a bivalent anti-helminthic vaccine against fascioliasis and schistosomiasis using the recombinant antigen Sm14, potentially capable of stimulating protective immunity against the two parasites (Tendler et al 1995, Katz 1997.…”

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Aspects of the Maintenance of the Life Cycle of Fasciola hepatica in Lymnaea columella in Minas Gerais, Brazil

Souza¹,

Magalhães²,

Passos³

et al. 2002

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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“…There is currently little in the literature to substantiate such cross-protection, although cross-protection between S. mansoni and Fasciola hepatica seems more common. 18,92,93 There may be additional benefits from schistosome-specific immunization. Salmonellosis has been associated with schistosome infection and it is possible that immunity to schistosomiasis might reduce the likelihood of intravascular exposure to Salmonella spp., and impact positively or influence bacterial and viral infections as well.…”

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Practical and ethical issues in the development of a vaccine against schistosomiasis mansoni.

Todd

Colley²

2002

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Clinical trials to evaluate schistosomal vaccines are in progress. We discuss the desired characteristics of such a vaccine, propose a product profile, and consider the clinical and pre-clinical studies needed for its licensure, within practical and ethical constraints. We believe that licensure of a schistosomal vaccine will be greatly facilitated by resolution of the following issues: identification of the human immunoprotective antigens and mechanisms; induction of the appropriate responses by adjuvanted vaccines; understanding the effect of immunization on immunopathology; development of an improved serologic assay to determine worm burden; generation of approximately $500 million to fund the project; and development of a physical infrastructure with trained professionals in disease-endemic countries to perform Phase III clinical trials. We also believe that development of a schistosomal vaccine, while a long range goal, is possible and desirable, and we have indicated some of the practical steps that will be required to achieve this laudable accomplishment.

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Vaccination against schistosomiasis and fascioliasis with the new recombinant antigen Sm14: potential basis of a multi-valent anti-helminth vaccine?

Cited by 31 publications

References 0 publications

Human Immune Responses toSchistosoma mansoniVaccine Candidate Antigens

Human Immune Responses toSchistosoma mansoniVaccine Candidate Antigens

Aspects of the Maintenance of the Life Cycle of Fasciola hepatica in Lymnaea columella in Minas Gerais, Brazil

Practical and ethical issues in the development of a vaccine against schistosomiasis mansoni.

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