The distribution of intestinal helminth infections in a rural village in Guatemala

Anderson, Timothy J.; Zizza, Claire A.; Leche, Guisela M.; Scott, Marilyn; Solomons, Noel W.

doi:10.1590/s0074-02761993000100010

Cited by 41 publications

(34 citation statements)

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“…Correlation between A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura in the human population is normally explained by similar transmission routes and egg biology, but may also be due to the regulation of some of the same genes as our finding in the pig suggest. However, Williams-Blangero et al (2008a, b) did not identify overlapping quantitative trait loci for A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura infections in humans, suggesting that different genes are involved here, even though the population dynamics and prevalences of the two parasites show similar patterns in the human population (for example, Anderson et al, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…For Trichuris suis, we are not aware of any published studies focusing on the effect of host genetics on infection levels, but several studies have shown familial or household effects on T. trichiura infections in human populations (Forrester et al, 1990;Anderson et al, 1993;Chan et al, 1994a, b;Ellis et al, 2007). Recently, WilliamsBlangero et al (2002) have been able to disentangle the genetic effects on T. trichiura infection levels (as measured by faecal egg counts (FECs)) in two Asian populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High heritability for Ascaris and Trichuris infection levels in pigs

et al. 2009

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Aggregated distributions of macroparasites within their host populations are characteristic of most natural and experimental infections. We designed this study to measure the amount of variation that is attributable to host genetic factors in a pig-helminth system. In total, 195 piglets were produced after artificial insemination of 19 sows (Danish LandraceYorkshire crossbreds) with semen selected from 13 individual Duroc boars (1 or 2 sows per boar; mean litter size: 10.3; 5-14 piglets per litter). Starting at 10 weeks of age, piglets were repeatedly infected with the gastrointestinal helminths Trichuris suis and Ascaris suum by administering eggs in the feed for 14 weeks until necropsy. Faecal egg counts (FECs) were estimated regularly and A. suum worm burden was obtained at necropsy. Heritability calculations for log (FEC þ 1) at weeks 7-10 post-infection (p.i.) showed that 0.32-0.73 of the phenotypic variation for T. suis could be attributed to genetic factors. For A. suum, heritabilities of 0.29-0.31 were estimated for log (FEC þ 1) at weeks 7-14 p.i., whereas the heritability of log worm counts was 0.45. Strong positive genetic correlations (0.75-0.89) between T. suis and A. suum FECs suggest that resistance to both infections involves regulation by overlapping genes. Our data demonstrate that there is a strong genetic component in resistance to A. suum and T. suis infections in pigs. Identification of responsible genes would enhance our understanding of the host immune response to these common nematodes and for the closely related species (T. trichiura and A. lumbricoides) in man infecting more than a billion people.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High heritability for Ascaris and Trichuris infection levels in pigs

et al. 2009

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“…Finally, much of the mortality during this famine and others was due to diseases rather than starvation (40). However, the synergistic negative influences of infection and poor nutritional status on morbidity and mortality (41,42) mean that deaths from disease are inextricably linked to and modified by nutrition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Influence of early-life nutrition on mortality and reproductive success during a subsequent famine in a preindustrial population

Hayward

Rickard

Lummaa

2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

118

115

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Individuals with insufficient nutrition during development often experience poorer later-life health and evolutionary fitness. The Predictive Adaptive Response (PAR) hypothesis proposes that poor early-life nutrition induces physiological changes that maximize fitness in similar environments in adulthood and that metabolic diseases result when individuals experiencing poor nutrition during development subsequently encounter good nutrition in adulthood. However, although cohort studies have shown that famine exposure in utero reduces health in favorable later-life conditions, no study on humans has demonstrated the predicted fitness benefit under low later-life nutrition, leaving the evolutionary origins of such plasticity unexplored. Taking advantage of a well-documented famine and unique datasets of individual life histories and crop yields from two preindustrial Finnish populations, we provide a test of key predictions of the PAR hypothesis. Known individuals from fifty cohorts were followed from birth until the famine, where we analyzed their survival and reproductive success in relation to the crop yields around birth. We were also able to test whether the long-term effects of early-life nutrition differed between individuals of varying socioeconomic status. We found that, contrary to predictions of the PAR hypothesis, individuals experiencing low early-life crop yields showed lower survival and fertility during the famine than individuals experiencing high early-life crop yields. These effects were more pronounced among young individuals and those of low socioeconomic status. Our results do not support the hypothesis that PARs should have been favored by natural selection and suggest that alternative models may need to be invoked to explain the epidemiology of metabolic diseases.developmental plasticity | silver spoon | human life-history | DoHAD

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“…A careful perusal of literature indicates that the prevalence rate of intestinal parasite infection is 7% -20% in developed countries while 30% -60% children in rural areas are affected by parasite infection in these countries [6][7][8][9][10][11]. Malnutrition, diarrhea, weight loss, anemia pose a mortal threat to human populations and cause about 16 million deaths in the developing countries every year [1,[12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Intestinal Parasite Infections among Children in the Day Care Centers of Gonbad-e Kavus County, North-Eastern Iran

Mesgarian

Sofizadeh

Shoraka

et al. 2017

Zahedan J Res Med Sci

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Background: Intestinal parasite infection is one of the major health problems in the world especially in the developing countries. Objectives: This study was an attempt to examine the prevalence of intestinal parasite infection in the day care centers in Gonbad-e Kavus. Methods: In this cross sectional study, 932 children were recruited from 45 day care centers in Gonbad-e Kavus in Iran, through a survey and their stool samples were examined using direct wet mount, formalin-ether concentration and Trichrome staining techniques. Also, scotch tape slides were microscopically analyzed. Data were analyzed using percentage, frequency and Chi-square test using SPSS ver.16. Odds Ratio was used show the effect size of socio-demographic variables on the rate of intestinal parasite infection. Results: The prevalence of intestinal parasite infections among the children was 26.6%. This study found a significant relationship between the children age, parent education and the place of residency with the rate of intestinal parasite infection (P < 0.05). The children in rural areas were 1.55 times more likely than the children in urban areas to be infected with intestinal parasites (OR = 1.55). Moreover, the results of this study showed that an increase in parent's education for one level decreased the risk of infection in their children by 6% (OR = 0.94). Also, with a rise in the age of participants for a year, the risk of infection increased by 44% (OR = 1.44). Conclusions: Due to the high rate of intestinal parasite infections among children, parents and child care workers need to learn about the various means by which parasites can be transmitted in day care centers.

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The distribution of intestinal helminth infections in a rural village in Guatemala

Cited by 41 publications

References 0 publications

High heritability for Ascaris and Trichuris infection levels in pigs

High heritability for Ascaris and Trichuris infection levels in pigs

Influence of early-life nutrition on mortality and reproductive success during a subsequent famine in a preindustrial population

Prevalence of Intestinal Parasite Infections among Children in the Day Care Centers of Gonbad-e Kavus County, North-Eastern Iran

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