Epidemiological risk sratification of malaria in the Américas

Castillo‐Salgado, Carlos

doi:10.1590/s0074-02761992000700017

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…It has been greatly valuable in enabling the display of heterogeneities in malaria risk areas within low transmission intensities [42, 46, 47]. The marked insecticide resistance problem in IRS (Mufweshya, Kabulongo, Kafue Estates, and Mukobeko) and LLIN (Rufunsa, Myooye, Chipepo, Chibombo, and Chiawa) deploying sites (Figure 2), confirms other findings of resistance developing in the wake of extensive vector control [48–50].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Using a Geographical-Information-System-Based Decision Support to Enhance Malaria Vector Control in Zambia

Chanda

Mukonka²,

Mthembu³

et al. 2012

Journal of Tropical Medicine

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Geographic information systems (GISs) with emerging technologies are being harnessed for studying spatial patterns in vector-borne diseases to reduce transmission. To implement effective vector control, increased knowledge on interactions of epidemiological and entomological malaria transmission determinants in the assessment of impact of interventions is critical. This requires availability of relevant spatial and attribute data to support malaria surveillance, monitoring, and evaluation. Monitoring the impact of vector control through a GIS-based decision support (DSS) has revealed spatial relative change in prevalence of infection and vector susceptibility to insecticides and has enabled measurement of spatial heterogeneity of trend or impact. The revealed trends and interrelationships have allowed the identification of areas with reduced parasitaemia and increased insecticide resistance thus demonstrating the impact of resistance on vector control. The GIS-based DSS provides opportunity for rational policy formulation and cost-effective utilization of limited resources for enhanced malaria vector control.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Using a Geographical-Information-System-Based Decision Support to Enhance Malaria Vector Control in Zambia

Chanda

Mukonka²,

Mthembu³

et al. 2012

Journal of Tropical Medicine

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“…Moreover, stimulated by the government migration policies and stricken by drastic impoverishment, large numbers of people moved in the 1980s to the Amazon Region looking for job opportunities in the gold-rich areas. 15 Demographic analyses suggests that these new frontier areas are not retaining agricultural settlers, but attracting transient wage-laborers in ranching, mining, construction, and entrepreneurial activities such as gold mining or small businesses. 16 In the Amazon, malaria prevalence is associated with occupational activities, indicating a predominance of outdoor transmission.…”

Section: -5mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular responses to Plasmodium falciparum major surface antigens and their relationship to human activities associated with malaria transmission.

Carvalho¹,

Fontes²,

Krettli³

1999

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. In Brazil, two types of activities have led to the worsening of malarial transmission in the Amazon region: prospecting/mining and agricultural settlements. In the present study, we analyze the cellular response of 52 of these individuals (14 gold-miners and 38 farmers) living within the same endemic area. Two Plasmodium falciparum major surface antigens (recombinant proteins) were used for cellular proliferative assays: circumsporozoite protein and merozoite surface protein-1. The frequency of these cellular responses were significantly higher among the miners (57-64%) than the farmers (10-20%) when either recombinant protein was used. Our data suggest that a higher exposure to malaria of the gold-miners contributed to their higher in vitro cellular response compared with the farmers. These findings point the way to further studies evaluating the influence of risk factors associated with the life styles of different social groups and the immune responses to these antigens.Research directed towards developing an effective vaccine against Plasmodium falciparum has been conducted for decades. 1 The surface antigens of sporozoites and merozoites are of particular interest because they represent two of the major candidates for inclusion in a subunit vaccine. The major constituents of the merozoite surface are polypeptides derived from a high molecular mass precursor protein known as merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1). Immunization with proteins derived from MSP-1 has been shown to protect animals from experimental infections, demonstrating its usefulness as a potential vaccine target. 2-5The best characterized of the anti-sporozoite vaccine candidates is the circumsporozoite (CS) protein. 6 Initial clinical trials with the central repeat epitope of the P. falciparum CS protein, (NANP) n , resulted in a low level of protection. 7,8 New clinical trials with the CS protein have been carried out in small number of subjects, 9,10 but only one CS subunit vaccine was shown to be protective. 11 Although these results represent a considerable advance in the development of malaria vaccines, it is still important to better understand the immune mechanisms involved in natural transmission, in which there are multiple parasite strains and the levels of transmission are variable.In Latin America, malaria remains a serious public health problem affecting the lives and health of certain social groups, particularly those engaged in forest-related economic activities, gem mining, and work on road construction and hydroelectric dams. In Brazil, malaria is endemic in the Amazon area, which comprises 51% of the country's territory and harbors only 9% of its inhabitants.12 Malaria has mainly affected the migrant populations coming from malaria-free areas of the country, attracted by opportunities for farming and mining. 13,14 This was largely in response to the agricultural settlement projects of the National Institute of Colonization and Agrarian Reform, whose main emphasis was to start farms. Moreover, stimulated by the gove...

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“…House construct plays an important role in determining the frequency of mosquito bites and their vectoral potential because such houses provide less resting and refuge places for the vector [20]. People in rural settlements and peripheral populations of towns have been found more vulnerable to malaria due to inadequate house construct and improper sanitation [21]. Both our study districts have more rural settlements but district Charsadda is almost all rural except the town of Charsadda, which may be the reason that houses having mud wall construction play a significant role in malaria transmission in Charsadda.…”

Section: Majority Of Positive Malaria Cases Have Been Observed Among mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Exploratory Case study of the effect of Ecology on Malaria Risk Factors in Northern Pakistan.

Jamal¹,

Rasheed²,

Khan³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Ecology of an area can greatly affects the population of the vector mosquito species by providing conditions for their breeding, thus affecting the transmission of malaria in an area. Areas having similar climate, but dissimilar ecological conditions may alter the factors of malaria transmission, thus resulting in different control strategies for disease management. Current study implies a cross-sectional approach to investigate different malaria risk factors in two ecologically distinct districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Methods: Data was collected by using closed-ended questionnaire from 2854 and 1944 randomly selected individuals of District Charsadda and Swabi respectively from December to August. A univariate logistic regression analysis was used to measure the association between history of malaria infection and different possible risk factors.Results: 37.6% of the respondents in Charsadda and 46.5% in Swabi were having history of malaria infection. Plasmodium vivax was found to be the dominant species causing infection in the local population. In district Swabi, factors like windows mesh, drinking water source, irrigated fields, sleeping habits, gender and marital status was found significant (P<0.05) in the transmission of the infection. In district Charsadda, parameters like windows mesh, house made, animals in home, irrigated fields, use of residual sprays, use of repellents, use of bed nets, outdoor night roaming, family history, previous infection and sleeping habits showed significant (P<0.05) relation to malaria infection. Conclusions: This study provides some basic guidelines by identifying the potential risk factors in districts having diverse ecology to design a comprehensive and effective control strategy to reduce malaria disease burden.

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Epidemiological risk sratification of malaria in the Américas

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Using a Geographical-Information-System-Based Decision Support to Enhance Malaria Vector Control in Zambia

Using a Geographical-Information-System-Based Decision Support to Enhance Malaria Vector Control in Zambia

Cellular responses to Plasmodium falciparum major surface antigens and their relationship to human activities associated with malaria transmission.

An Exploratory Case study of the effect of Ecology on Malaria Risk Factors in Northern Pakistan.

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