Polyclonal B-cell activation (PBA). What have we learned from the study of malaria?

Ribeiro, Claudio Daniel

doi:10.1590/s0074-02761988000500076

Cited by 7 publications

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“…The difference in these findings could be consistent with the conventional understanding that P. falciparum is a polyclonal B cell activator that stimulates the production of large amounts of antibodies in the infected host during the convalescent period. However, during P. vivax infection, the patients produce lower levels of antibodies compared to the patients infected by P. falciparum [48].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Immunity to Malaria in Plasmodium vivax Infection: A Study in Central China

et al. 2012

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Background P. vivax infection is characterised by relapsing fever, indicating reinfection by previously hidden parasites in the host. Relapsed infection can lead to the activation of the memory T cell pool, which may lead to protective immunity. This study aims to characterise immune responses in acute P. vivax-infected patients living in an area of central China characterised by only P. vivax infection.Methodology/Principal FindingsWe conducted a cross-sectional immune-phenotypic analysis of adults using the following inclusion criteria: acute P. vivax infection (N = 37), a history of P. vivax infection (N = 17), and no known history of P. vivax infection (N = 21). We also conducted a 2-week longitudinal analysis following acute P. vivax infection, in which PBMC proliferation was measured in response to P. vivax and P. falciparum blood stage lysates. Using flow cytometry, we showed elevated memory T cells in the blood during acute P. vivax infection. The levels of γδ T cells were two-fold higher than those measured in naive controls. This result suggested that in the two populations, memory and γδ T cells promptly responded to P. vivax parasites. Interestingly, P. falciparum antigens stimulated T cells obtained from P. vivax-infected patients during a day 14-convalescence, whereas lymphocytes from the naïve control group responded to a lower degree of convalescence.Conclusions/SignificanceCell-mediated immunity during the convalescent period of the P. vivax-infected hosts was comprised of T cells that were specifically able to recognise P. falciparum antigens. Although the magnitude of the response was only half that measured after stimulation with P. vivax antigens, the matter of cross-antigenic stimulation is of great interest.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Immunity to Malaria in Plasmodium vivax Infection: A Study in Central China

et al. 2012

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“…We found that approximately 80% of all mature B cells that proliferated in response to acute infection also expressed CD11c. To determine if this was due to polyclonal activation of the B cell compartment, as has been described to occur during malaria (39), or an antigen-specific response, we assessed the binding specificity of B cells with or without surface expression of CD11c. However, the P. falciparum genome contains >5000 genes (40).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

B cell profiling in malaria reveals expansion and remodeling of CD11c+ B cell subsets

Sundling¹,

Rönnberg²,

Yman³

et al. 2019

JCI Insight

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“…Malaria infection gives rise to polyclonal B-cell activation ( Greenwood, 1974 ) and to heterophilic antibodies ( Houba et al, 1974 ), which may react to host antigens as well as to other pathogens ( Ribeiro, 1988 ). Some anti-dengue IgM tests have shown a high degree of cross-reactivity (10–70%) with sera from malaria patients, and with other flavivira ( Hunsperger et al, 2009 ; WHO, 2009 ).…”

Section: Co-morbidity Of Dengue and Malariamentioning

confidence: 99%

Elimination of Falciparum Malaria and Emergence of Severe Dengue: An Independent or Interdependent Phenomenon?

2018

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The global malaria burden, including falciparum malaria, has been reduced by 50% since 2000, though less so in Sub-Saharan Africa. Regional malaria elimination campaigns beginning in the 1940s, up-scaled in the 1950s, succeeded in the 1970s in eliminating malaria from Europe, North America, the Caribbean (except Haiti), and parts of Asia and South- and Central America. Dengue has grown dramatically throughout the pantropical regions since the 1950s, first in Southeast Asia in the form of large-scale epidemics including severe dengue, though mostly sparing Sub-Saharan Africa. Globally, the WHO estimates 50 million dengue infections every year, while others estimate almost 400 million infections, including 100 million clinical cases. Curiously, despite wide geographic overlap between malaria and dengue-endemic areas, published reports of co-infections have been scarce until recently. Superimposed acute dengue infection might be expected to result in more severe combined disease because both pathogens can induce shock and hemorrhage. However, a recent review found no reports on more severe morbidity or higher mortality associated with co-infections. Cases of severe dual infections have almost exclusively been reported from South America, and predominantly in persons infected by Plasmodium vivax. We hypothesize that malaria infection may partially protect against dengue – in particular falciparum malaria against severe dengue – and that this inter-species cross-protection may explain the near absence of severe dengue from the Sub-Saharan region and parts of South Asia until recently. We speculate that malaria infection elicits cross-reactive antibodies or other immune responses that infer cross-protection, or at least partial cross-protection, against symptomatic and severe dengue. Plasmodia have been shown to give rise to polyclonal B-cell activation and to heterophilic antibodies, while some anti-dengue IgM tests have high degree of cross-reactivity with sera from malaria patients. In the following, the historical evolution of falciparum malaria and dengue is briefly reviewed, and we explore early evidence of subclinical dengue in high-transmission malaria areas as well as conflicting reports on severity of co-morbidity. We also discuss examples of other interspecies interactions.

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Polyclonal B-cell activation (PBA). What have we learned from the study of malaria?

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Immunity to Malaria in Plasmodium vivax Infection: A Study in Central China

Immunity to Malaria in Plasmodium vivax Infection: A Study in Central China

B cell profiling in malaria reveals expansion and remodeling of CD11c+ B cell subsets

Elimination of Falciparum Malaria and Emergence of Severe Dengue: An Independent or Interdependent Phenomenon?

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