A holistic view of Schistosomiasis and snail control

Jd, Thomas

doi:10.1590/s0074-02761987000800032

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…For schistosomiasis, environmental snail and transmission control are welcome additions to case detection and treatment‐based approaches. As mentioned by several authors, no single control strategy has proven effective on its own in the control of schistosomiasis (Thomas 1987; Madsen & Christensen 1992; World Health Organization 1998; Sturrock 2001). An integrated approach, involving the application of several measures simultaneously, is needed to control schistosomiasis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental control of schistosomiasis through community participation in a Moroccan oasis

Boelee¹,

Laamrani²

2004

Tropical Med Int Health

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SummaryAkka oasis, in the province of Tata, southern Morocco, is one of the oldest foci of urinary schistosomiasis in Morocco where transmission is still taking place. We report the results of two studies: a cross-sectional snail survey investigated the distribution of Bulinus truncatus in relation to habitat factors in the Akka traditional irrigation system. The presence of aquatic vegetation, especially Potamogeton sp. was identified as a key factor determining snail occurrence and abundance in canals, impoundments and isolated small puddles and streamlets in the Akka riverbed. In a participatory rapid appraisal, the community identified snail control as a way to reduce transmission of schistosomiasis. Without any further outside incentives, the local irrigation committee implemented repeated cleaning and vegetation removal in canals. A longitudinal study evaluated the effect of these measures on populations of B. truncatus. Snail and egg mass densities showed significant reductions after repeated vegetation clearing in the study sites. The participatory approach led to low-cost, environment-friendly schistosomiasis control measures that were effective and sustainable.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental control of schistosomiasis through community participation in a Moroccan oasis

Boelee¹,

Laamrani²

2004

Tropical Med Int Health

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“…Esta discussão não pretende assumir a dimensão de uma razão dicotômica. As experiências de controle em diferentes países aponta para a necessidade de definição de estratégias de controle integradas (Jordan, 1977;Thomas, 1987). A quimioterapia utilizada em articulação com outras medidas que apresentem efeito mais duradouro é necessária nas fases iniciais do processo de interrupção da transmissão da esquistossomose.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Esquistossomose mansônica no estado da Bahia, Brasil: tendências históricas e medidas de controle

Carmo

Barreto

1994

Cad. Saúde Pública

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In order to aid the development of new approaches to schistosomiasis control, changes were analyzed in prevalence at the county level in the State of Bahia from the 1950s to the 1990s, as were determinants and the effect of community-based chemotherapy. In general, no substantial changes were observed in the basic pattern of spatial distribution of the prevalence of infection. However, during the period studied, there was an overall reduction in prevalence from 15.6% to 9.5% and an increase in prevalence rates in some counties from the western, southeastern, and northern areas of Bahia, indicative of new transmission areas. The effect of mass chemotherapy was analyzed. In the Paraguaçu Basin, where this control measure was used on a large scale, there was a reduction in prevalence similar to areas where this measure was not used. Correlation and regression analysis also failed to show links between mass chemotherapy and long term reduction in prevalence. The most powerful variables to explain these changes were those related with population dynamics. These findings strongly suggest that the reduction in prevalence observed in some areas of the State must be attributed to factors related with the spatial organization of this territory, causing a general decrease in the transmission rate, secondary to mass chemotherapy. At the same time, the incomplete form and the spatial inequalities that characterized the urbanization process created favorable conditions for the spread of schistosomiasis mansoni and the establishment of new foci.

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“…Attempts to reduce or eliminate populations of freshwater snails in Africa have been concentrated on the intermediate hosts of schistosomes. Less emphasis than in the past is now placed on the chemical control of snails for the purpose of reducing transmission of schistosomiasis (Webbe and Jordan, 1982;Combes and Cheng, 1986;McCullough, 1986McCullough, , 1992Mott, 1987a;Thomas, 1987a;Chandiwana and Christensen, 1988;WHO, 1993). The performance of molluscicides has not always been up to expectations and the value of continuing to attempt snail control by chemical means has been questioned (Warren and Mahmoud, 1976).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of leaves of Chromolaena odorata as molluscicide against different developmental stages of Biomphalaria pfeifferi

Otarigho¹,

Morenikeji²

2013

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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The molluscicidal activities of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of leaves of Chromolaena odorata were investigated on adult, one week old juveniles and 3 to 4 days old egg-masses of Biomphalaria pfeifferi. Ten adults each were exposed to a serial dilution of 40, 80, 160, 240, 320, 400, and 480 ppm distilled water extracts and 20, 40, 80, 160, 240 and 320 ppm ethanolic extracts of leaves of C. odorata. Twenty juveniles of uniform size each were exposed to 8, 20, 28, 40, 80, 120, and 160 ppm of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the same plant. The adults and juveniles were exposed to the extracts for 24 h. Thirty eggs each were exposed to 8, 20, 28, 40, 60, 80, and 100 ppm of aqueous and ethanolic extracts for a period of 48 h. The experiments were repeated twice. LC 50 obtained with aqueous extract against eggs, juveniles and adults were 65.75, 75.59 and 217.57 ppm, respectively while these values were 44.03, 44.68 and 88.04 ppm, respectively for ethanolic extract. The LC 90 obtained with aqueous extract against eggs, juveniles and adults were 139.54, 249.54 and 288.96 ppm, respectively. These values were 119.03, 123.50 and 245.61 ppm, respectively for ethanolic extract. The plant extracts caused significant (P<0.05) mortality rates in the different stages of B. pfeifferi. C. odorata seem to be a promising plant molluscicide candidate and deserve further studies in order to identify and characterize its molluscicidal components.

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A holistic view of Schistosomiasis and snail control

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Environmental control of schistosomiasis through community participation in a Moroccan oasis

Environmental control of schistosomiasis through community participation in a Moroccan oasis

Esquistossomose mansônica no estado da Bahia, Brasil: tendências históricas e medidas de controle

Efficacy of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of leaves of Chromolaena odorata as molluscicide against different developmental stages of Biomphalaria pfeifferi

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