Probable extension of Schistosomiasis mansoni to Southernmost Brazil

Analysis of the first and second internal transcribed spacer sequences of the ribosomal DNA in Biomphalaria tenagophila complex (Mollusca: Planorbidae)

“…Paraense (1984) described the subspecies B. tenagophila guaibensis as being indistinguishable from B. tenagophila by most of their genital characters. They are both very similar to B. occidentalis (Paraense 1981), but only B. tenagophila has been reported to be susceptible to S. mansoni infection (Paraense & Corrêa 1987). B. t. guaibensis was described as a subspecies (Paraense 1984) due to the presence of a vaginal pouch (a qualitative character present in B. tenagophila).…”

Biomphalaria tenagophila: dynamics of populations of resistant and susceptible strains to Schistosoma mansoni, with or without pressure of the parasite

“…Distribution of Biomphalaria tenagophila snails has considerably been spread through the Brazilian territory, and its importance in the transmission of schistosomiasis has been increased as well, mainly in the Southern and Southeastern regions of Brazil (Paraense & Corrêa 1987). This is the only transmitter species in extensive areas of the state of São Paulo, and it is responsible for isolated focuses in the states of Minas Gerais, Santa Catarina, and Rio de Janeiro.…”

The initial epidemiological studies in the low endemicity schistosomiasis area in esteio, Rio Grande do Sul, the southernmost Brazilian State, 1997 to 2000

“…The establishment of a transmission focus of schistosomiasis in the southernmost Brazilian state, Rio Grande do Sul, was predicted many years before it became reality (Cunha-Neto 1972, Paraense & Corrêa 1987. Biomphalaria glabrata was detected for the first time in 1997 (Carvalho et al 1998) after the diagnosis of what later was confirmed to be the first detected autochthonous human infection with Schistosoma mansoni in the region.…”