Sôbre o gênero Macrobilharzia Travassos, 1922 (Trematoda, Schistosomatoidea)

Kohn, Anna

doi:10.1590/s0074-02761964000100001

Cited by 4 publications

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“…Members of Macrobilharzia, first described by Travassos (1922) in Brazil, presently are known as parasites of anhingas in the Americas (Price, 1929;Kohn, 1964) and of cormorants in the Old World (Fain, 1955a,b;Baugh, 1963). Based on morphological characters, the phylogenetic position of Macrobilharzia was equivocal in the preferred tree of Carmichael (1984) and grouped with the SO + HS clade of Morand and Muller-Graf (2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Approach to Revealing Blood Fluke Life Cycles, Taxonomy, and Diversity: Provision of Key Reference Data Including Dna Sequence From Single Life Cycle Stages

Brant¹,

Morgan

Mkoji

et al. 2006

Journal of Parasitology

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Revealing diversity among extant blood flukes, and the patterns of relationships among them, has been hindered by the difficulty of determining if specimens described from different life cycle stages, hosts, geographic localities, and times represent the same or different species. Persistent collection of all available life cycle stages and provision of exact collection localities, host identification, reference DNA sequences for the parasite, and voucher specimens eventually will provide the framework needed to piece together individual life cycles and facilitate reconciliation with classical taxonomic descriptions, including those based on single life cycle stages. It also provides a means to document unique or rare species that might only ever be recovered from a single life cycle stage. With an emphasis on the value of new information from field collections of any available life cycle stages, here we provide data for several blood fluke cercariae from freshwater snails from Kenya, Uganda, and Australia. Similar data are provided for adult worms of Macrobilharzia macrobilharzia and miracidia of Bivitellobilharzia nairi. Some schistosome and sanguinicolid cercariae that we recovered have peculiar morphological features, and our phylogenetic analyses (18S and 28S rDNA and mtDNA CO1) suggest that 2 of the new schistosome specimens likely represent previously unknown lineages. Our results also provide new insights into 2 of the 4 remaining schistosome genera yet to be extensively characterized with respect to their position in molecular phylogenies, Macrobilharzia and Bivitellobilharzia. The accessibility of each life cycle stage is likely to vary dramatically from one parasite species to the next, and our examples validate the potential usefulness of information gleaned from even one such stage, whatever it might be.The Schistosomatidae is one of the best known of parasite families, yet even within this group much remains to be learned about global species diversity, biogeography, patterns of vertebrate and snail host usage, and evolutionary relationships. Our knowledge of schistosome origins and diversification also will be improved by better understanding the diversity inherent in closely-related digenean families, including the 2 other families of blood flukes (the Spirorchiidae of turtles and the Sanguinicolidae of fishes), and the Clinostomidae. Blood fluke systematics, particularly of schistosomes, has received considerable attention in the last several years (e.g., Carmichael, 1984;Rollinson et al., 1997;Snyder and Loker, 2000;Attwood et al., 2002;Lockyer et al., 2003;Morgan et al., 2003; Agatsuma et al., 2004). These studies have examined morphology, DNA sequence diversity, and patterns of host use. The molecular studies, in particular, have yielded intriguing new hypotheses that delineate the broad patterns of relationships within the family and have provided an invaluable framework to examine overall schistosome and blood fluke diversity.One of the long-standing impediments to assessing diversi...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Approach to Revealing Blood Fluke Life Cycles, Taxonomy, and Diversity: Provision of Key Reference Data Including Dna Sequence From Single Life Cycle Stages

Brant¹,

Morgan

Mkoji

et al. 2006

Journal of Parasitology

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Schistosome monogamy: who, how, and why?

Beltran‐Bech

Boissier

2008

Trends in Parasitology

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Avian Schistosomes from the South American Endemic Gastropod GenusChilina(Pulmonata: Chilinidae), with a Brief Review of South American Schistosome Species

Flores

Brant

Loker

2015

Journal of Parasitology

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Our current knowledge of avian schistosomes from South America is scarce in all respects, including species and generic diversity, their life cycles, patterns of host use, potential to cause dermatitis outbreaks, and evolutionary affinities. As a step towards addressing this shortcoming, the goal of this study was to provide discrete reference points relating to snail hosts, locality records, morphological attributes, sequence for nuclear 28S and ITS, and partial mitochondrial cox1 genes, and phylogenetic relationships for schistosome cercariae recovered from different species of Chilina, which are gastropods endemic to South America. In total, 1,308 snails belonging to 6 species of Chilina were collected from 12 localities across Argentina. Thirty-eight snails (2.9%) had schistosome infections. Our data indicate the presence of 3 lineages of Chilina-transmitted schistosomes, all of which group within the major avian schistosome clade. However, none of the lineages grouped within or as sister to other known avian schistosome genera in the tree, indicating they probably represent undescribed genera. The relationships of these schistosomes from Chilina spp. are discussed in relation to their position in the global schistosome phylogenetic tree.

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Sôbre o gênero Macrobilharzia Travassos, 1922 (Trematoda, Schistosomatoidea)

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

An Approach to Revealing Blood Fluke Life Cycles, Taxonomy, and Diversity: Provision of Key Reference Data Including Dna Sequence From Single Life Cycle Stages

An Approach to Revealing Blood Fluke Life Cycles, Taxonomy, and Diversity: Provision of Key Reference Data Including Dna Sequence From Single Life Cycle Stages

Schistosome monogamy: who, how, and why?

Avian Schistosomes from the South American Endemic Gastropod GenusChilina(Pulmonata: Chilinidae), with a Brief Review of South American Schistosome Species

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