The EU–China relationship is now emerging as a significant feature of the international system. The EU's institutional consolidation, development of supranational trade power and the foreign policy openings of the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) has entwined with the PRC's ongoing sense of geopolitical manoeuvrings between the superpowers. With its talk of ‘multipolarity’, grand strategy has converged, though the PRC's stress on ‘multipolarity’ can perhaps be distinguished from the EU's stress on ‘multilateralism’. Nevertheless, human rights issues apart, the EU–China relationship has matured in the last two decades to involve significant economic matters and visions of a wider ‘strategic partnership’, bringing with it a challenge to American unipolar unilateralism.