Anfíbios anuros do alto Solimões e Rio Negro: apontamentos sôbre algumas formas e suas vicariantes

149

126

Based on a molecular phylogeny, a new phylogenetic taxonomy that is compatible with both the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) and the PhyloCode is proposed for Glassfrogs and their sister taxon, Allophryne ruthveni. The arrangement presented herein emphasizes the recognition of clades having (i) significant statistical support and congruence among phylogenetic estimation methods (i.e., parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference criteria), (ii) congruence among genetic markers, and (iii) morphological and/or behavioral distinctiveness. Also, when previously recognized groups are recovered as monophyletic or nearly monophyletic, we propose taxa that minimize the number of name changes required to make these groups monophyletic, preserving the names and contents of previous classifications (i.e., nomenclatural stability). The evolutionary proximity of Centrolenidae and Allophrynidae is recognized by combining these families into an unraked taxon, Allocentroleniae—a proposal that maintains the traditional names and species contents of Centrolenidae and Allophrynidae. We arrange centrolenid diversity in two subfamilies: Centroleninae and Hyalinobatrachinae. Within Centroleninae, the diagnosis and species content of the genera Centrolene, Cochranella, and Nymphargus are modified; Teratohyla is resurrected and modified, and Chimerella, Espadarana, Rulyrana, Sachatamia, and Vitreorana are proposed as new genera. The other subfamily, Hyalinobatrachinae, contains the new genus Celsiella and a modified Hyalinobatrachium that fully corresponds to the former fleischmanni Group. Additionally, the genus Ikakogi is described. Ikakogi could not be assigned with confidence to either subfamily and it is placed as incertae sedis in Centrolenidae. The data at hand suggest that Ikakogi tayrona is a lineage as old as the subfamilies Hyalinobatrachinae and Centroleninae. The revised taxonomy differs markedly from previous arrangements, which were based on phenetics and few morphological characters. Most of the genera defined herein are confined to distinct biogeographic regions, highlighting the importance of geography in the speciation of Glassfrogs. The principal limitation of this proposal is that it is based on an incomplete sampling of taxa (54% of the recognized Glassfrogs). Although diagnoses are based on phenotypic traits, there are several cases (16% of all species) in which the allocation of species is ambiguous because of morphological homoplasy and the lack of molecular data. Finally, in an attempt to facilitate species identification, comparison, and generic placement, we provide photographs for most (~ 96%) of the recognized centrolenid species.

Section: Genus: Teratohylamentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic systematics of Glassfrogs (Amphibia: Centrolenidae) and their sister taxon Allophryne ruthveni

Guayasamín

Castroviejo‐Fisher

Trueb

et al. 2009

149

126

“…Allobates femoralis is widely distributed throughout primary, nonflooded forest areas in the Amazon Basin. During the last 30 years, several populations belonging to this taxon have been the subject of numerous studies, ranging from acoustic and visual communication (Hödl 1987;Narins et al 2003;Hödl et al 2004;Amézquita et al 2005;Göd et al 2007) to territorial and reproductive behavior (Roithmair 1992;1994;Ringler et al 2009), with numerous authors pointing out the existence of conspicuous population variation in morphology, acoustic signal detection, advertisement call characteristics, color and genetic traits (Lutz & Kloss 1952;Hödl 1987;Lougheed et al 1999;Amézquita et al 2006;2009;Simões et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The description of a cryptic species related to the pan-Amazonian frog Allobates femoralis (Boulenger 1883) (Anura: Aromobatidae)

Simões

Lima

Farias

2010

We describe a new species of litter frog from western Brazilian Amazon previously referred to as Allobates femoralis (Boulenger 1883). The new species is allopatric to A. femoralis and its known occurrence is restricted to terra-firme forests on the left bank of the upper Madeira River and southeastern State of Acre. This species is distinguished from A. femoralis and from other species in the A. femoralis group by presenting two-note advertisement calls and conspicuous reddish-orange color on ventral surfaces of hind limbs and posterior abdomen. Phylogenetic analyses based on a fragment of the 16S rRNA mitochondrial gene suggest the new species is the sister group to a clade referred to as A. femoralis occurring in southern State of Acre, from which it is distinguished by six unambiguous nucleotide substitutions, in addition to exclusive advertisement calls and color patterns. The new species is more distantly related to A. femoralis sensu stricto occurring near the A. femoralis type locality in the Peruvian Amazon. Summarizing evidence from molecular phylogenetic analysis, genetic distances and available data on advertisement calls, we identify one possible case of genetic introgression between lineages in this group and highlight the potential for the description of more species within the A. femoralis complex.

“…A detailed study of the populations currently assigned to Co. albomaculata throughout its range is needed, as probably more than one species is included. Lynch (2005) considered resplendens as a synonym of ritae (Lutz in Lutz and Kloss 1952), but did not provide additional information or details for his conclusion. The holotype of ritae was formerly deposited at the Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janerio (MNRJ).…”

Section: Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The species ametarsia is the only Amazonian centrolenid with dark dorsal spots and an exposed prepollex. The only significant difference between ritae and ametarsia is the reference to large discs on the fingers pointed out by Lutz in Lutz and Kloss (1952) for ritae. All known specimens of ametarsia have the discs of the hand smaller than the diameter of eye and the tympanum; nevertheless, this character may be influenced by preservation or condition of the specimen.…”

Section: Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revision of the characters of Centrolenidae (Amphibia: Anura: Athesphatanura), with comments on its taxonomy and the description of new taxa of glassfrogs

Cisneros-Heredia

McDiarmid

2007

106

Anurans of the family Centrolenidae are a diverse clade of arboreal frogs distributed across tropical America. Knowledge of their taxonomy, systematics, ecology, behavior, morphology, and other evolutionary aspects of their biology is deficient. Relationships among centrolenid species remain largely unresolved, with no satisfactory phylogenetic hypothesis, and none of the current genera has compelling evidence of monophyly. Further, understanding the phylogeny of glassfrogs is constrained by species-level taxonomic problems, including incorrect description of characters, incomplete analyses of intraspecific variation, and lack of appreciation of species diversity. Herein, we define and analyze the 23 characters that are useful, in combination, in diagnosing centrolenid species, and thereby provide a reference for the use of future workers. We propose revised classifications for the parietal and visceral peritoneal pigmentation, liver form and coloration of its associated hepatic peritoneum, nuptial excrescences, and hand ornamentation. We comment on the generic and species-level taxonomy of Centrolenidae, proposing the recognition of a new genus and describing a new species from Ecuador. We treat Hyla ocellifera Boulenger as a synonym of Centrolene prosoblepon (Boettger), Hyalinobatrachium cardiacalyptum McCranie & Wilson as a synonym of Hyalinobatrachium chirripoi (Taylor), and Hyalinobatrachium crybetes McCranie and Wilson as a synonym of Hyalinobatrachium colymbiphyllum (Taylor). We also present an annotated list of the species of glassfrogs from the Republic of Ecuador with some distributional remarks.