Prevalência de Chlamydia Pneumoniae e Mycoplasma Pneumoniae em diferentes formas da doença coronariana

Maia, Irineu Luiz; Nicolau, José Carlos; Machado, Maurício de Nassau; Maia, Lília Nigro; Takakura, Isabela Thomaz; Rocha, Paulo Ricardo de Fernando; Cordeiro, José Antônio; Ramires, José Antônio Franchini

doi:10.1590/s0066-782x2009000600005

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Favoring the co-infectious theory, human clinical studies demonstrated association of increased MP and CP antibody titers with acute myocardial infarction patients [10,11,20]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycoplasma pneumoniae and/or Chlamydophila pneumoniae inoculation causing different aggravations in cholesterol-induced atherosclerosis in apoE KO male mice

et al. 2009

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BackgroundChamydophila pneumoniae (CP) and/or Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) are two bacteria detected in vulnerable atheromas. In this study we aimed to analyze whether CP and/or MP aggravates atherosclerosis induced by cholesterol-enriched diet in C57BL/6 apoE KO male mice. Thirty male apoE KO mice aged eight weeks fed by a diet containing 1% cholesterol until 32 weeks of age were divided into four groups: the first was inoculated with CP (n = 7), the second with MP (n = 12), the third with both CP + MP (n = 5), and the fourth with saline (sham n = 6). The animals were re-inoculated at 36 weeks of age, and sacrificed at 40 weeks of age. Two ascending aorta and one aortic arch segments were sampled. In the most severely obstructed segment, vessel diameter, plaque height, percentage of luminal obstruction and the degree of adventitial inflammation were analyzed. The plaque area/intimal surface ratio was obtained by measuring all three segments. The adventitial inflammation was semiquantified (0 absent, 1 mild, 2 moderate, and 3 diffuse).ResultsThe mean and standard deviation of plaque height, % luminal obstruction, external diameter, the plaque area/intimal surface ratio and the adventitial inflammation values are the following for each group: MP (0.20 +/- 0.12 mm, 69 +/- 26%, 0.38 +/- 0.11 mm, 0.04 +/- 0.04 and 0.22 +/- 0.67), CP (0.23 +/- 0.08 mm, 90 +/- 26%, 0.37 +/- 0.08 mm, 0.04 +/- 0.03, and 0.44 +/- 0.53), MP + CP (18 +/- 0.08 mm, 84 +/- 4.0%, 0.35 +/- 0.25 mm, 0.03 +/- 0.03 and 1.33 +/- 0.82) and sham (0.08 +/- 0.09 mm, 42 +/- 46%, 0.30 +/- 0.10 mm, 0.02 +/- 0.03 and 0.71 ± 0.76). A wider area of plaque/intimal surface was observed in MP + CP inoculated groups (p = 0.07 and 0.06) as well as an increased plaque height in CP (p = 0.01) in comparison with sham group. There was also an increased luminal obstruction (p = 0.047) in CP inoculated group in comparison to sham group. Adventitial inflammation in MP + CP inoculated group was higher than MP, CP and the sham groups (p = 0.02).ConclusionInoculation of CP, MP or both agents in C57BL/6 apoE KO male mice caused aggravation of experimental atherosclerosis induced by cholesterol-enriched diet, with distinct characteristics. CP inoculation increased the plaque height with positive vessel remodeling and co-inoculation of MP + CP caused the highest adventitial inflammation measures.

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“…Favoring the co-infectious theory, human clinical studies demonstrated association of increased MP and CP antibody titers with acute myocardial infarction patients [10,11,20]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycoplasma pneumoniae and/or Chlamydophila pneumoniae inoculation causing different aggravations in cholesterol-induced atherosclerosis in apoE KO male mice

et al. 2009

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“…According to Maia et al 10 , IgG is an immunoglobulin that lives for 20-30 days on average and it is the antibody that best expresses the activity of the infectious process, due to previous reinfections. The presence of the infectious process could be restricted only to the mechanisms of plaque instability, because the group without events could develop an atherosclerotic process in progress 10 .…”

Section: Il-6 -Interleukin 6; Tnf-α -Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Hs-mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of the infectious process could be restricted only to the mechanisms of plaque instability, because the group without events could develop an atherosclerotic process in progress 10 .…”

Section: Il-6 -Interleukin 6; Tnf-α -Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Hs-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Marcadores inflamatórios e anticorpos anti-chlamydia em pacientes com síndrome metabólica

Franco¹,

Bodanese²,

Repetto³

et al. 2011

Arq. Bras. Cardiol.

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“…The vulnerable plaques are associated with dilatation of the segment, which has high adventitial inflammation [9]. Also clinical studies have shown increased seropositivity to both Mp and Cp [10,11]. Inoculation of Cp and Mp in ApoE KO mice fed with cholesterol enriched diet caused aggravation of the size atherosclerotic plaques, inflammation or vessel remodeling [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Involvement of TLR2 and TLR4, <i>Chlamydophila pneumoniae</i> and <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> in adventitial inflammation of aortic atherosclerotic aneurysm

Assis¹,

Higuchi²,

Reis³

et al. 2014

WJCD

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Aortic atherosclerotic aneurysm (AAA) is associated with adventitial inflammation where infection is suggested to have a role. Co-infection withChlamydophila pneumoniae (Cp) and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp) was linked with coronary plaque rupture, in association with vessel dilatation and adventitial inflammation. Pathogens are recognized by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) development of the inflammatory process. Objective: Here, we studied whether co-infection by Cp and Mp was involved in the increased inflammation present in AAA and if it could be associated with deficient expression of TLRs. We compared human samples of AAA with non-dilated human aortic atherosclerotic lesions, regarding the amount of Cp and Mp antigens, and expression of TLR2 and TLR4. Methods: Two groups of aorta fragments were analyzed: G1 (n = 13) moderate atherosclerosis and G2 (n = 14) AAA samples, through immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization methods. Results: Mp and Cp antigens in intima/medial layer were greater in G2 than G1, with no difference in adventitia. TLR2 and TLR4 were higher in G2 than G1 adventitia fat. There was a correlation between Mp versus TLR2 and of TLR4 in intima/medial layer and in adventitia of G1, but there was a lack of correlation in G2. In Cp adventitia, the correlation in G1 was high with TLR2 but not with TLR4, and in G2 the correlation was positive for both TLRs. Conclusion: This study favors the concept that symbiotic co-infection by Cp and Mp participates in the pathogenesis of AAA. It also emphasizes that adventitial fat is the initial site for colonization of these bacteria that probably reach the tissue through vasa vasorum. An exacerbated immune reaction is not efficient to control the infection that reaches and proliferates in high levels at the medial and intimal layer, contributing to the development of vessel dilatation.

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Prevalência de Chlamydia Pneumoniae e Mycoplasma Pneumoniae em diferentes formas da doença coronariana

Abstract: SummaryBackground: Several infectious agents have been investigated since the association between atherosclerosis and infection was demonstrated; however, the results of these studies are contradictory.

Cited by 12 publications

References 16 publications

Mycoplasma pneumoniae and/or Chlamydophila pneumoniae inoculation causing different aggravations in cholesterol-induced atherosclerosis in apoE KO male mice

Mycoplasma pneumoniae and/or Chlamydophila pneumoniae inoculation causing different aggravations in cholesterol-induced atherosclerosis in apoE KO male mice

Marcadores inflamatórios e anticorpos anti-chlamydia em pacientes com síndrome metabólica

Involvement of TLR2 and TLR4, <i>Chlamydophila pneumoniae</i> and <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> in adventitial inflammation of aortic atherosclerotic aneurysm

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Prevalência de Chlamydia Pneumoniae e Mycoplasma Pneumoniae em diferentes formas da doença coronariana

Abstract: SummaryBackground: Several infectious agents have been investigated since the association between atherosclerosis and infection was demonstrated; however, the results of these studies are contradictory.

Cited by 12 publications

References 16 publications

Mycoplasma pneumoniae and/or Chlamydophila pneumoniae inoculation causing different aggravations in cholesterol-induced atherosclerosis in apoE KO male mice

Mycoplasma pneumoniae and/or Chlamydophila pneumoniae inoculation causing different aggravations in cholesterol-induced atherosclerosis in apoE KO male mice

Marcadores inflamatórios e anticorpos anti-chlamydia em pacientes com síndrome metabólica

Involvement of TLR2 and TLR4, &lt;i&gt;Chlamydophila pneumoniae&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Mycoplasma pneumoniae&lt;/i&gt; in adventitial inflammation of aortic atherosclerotic aneurysm

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Involvement of TLR2 and TLR4, <i>Chlamydophila pneumoniae</i> and <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> in adventitial inflammation of aortic atherosclerotic aneurysm