Óxido nítrico, doenças cardiovasculares e exercício físico

Abstract

Arterial hypertension (AH) has a high incidence in the world's population and its etiology is multifactorial, involving genetic, environmental and psychological factors 1,2. Its prevalence has progressively increased, especially among women, African descendants and the elderly. More than 50% of the subjects between 60 and 69 years of age and approximately ¾ of the population older than 70 years are affected by AH 1. Additionally, there is a positive and direct correlation between the elevated arterial pressure levels and the risk of cardiovascular diseases, regardless of gender, age range and ethnicity 1,2. Hence, the understanding of the cell and molecular mechanisms involved in the genesis of AH is fundamental for the attainment of preventive and/or therapeutic measures, with the objective of controlling pressure levels and consequently, reduce the cardiovascular risks associated with AH. Therefore, this review aims at discussing the mechanisms involved in the arterial pressure control, focusing on the role of the vascular endothelium and the importance of physical exercise in the regulation of nitric oxide production by endothelial cells.

Quercetin: A Treatment for Hypertension?—A Review of Efficacy and Mechanisms

“…It is a common feature in all forms of CVD, including hypertension [43,44]. The endothelium releases a variety of vasoactive substances such as nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin-1 (ET-1), which serve, in part, to regulate BP and blood flow [2,4,43,45,46]. A common feature of endothelial dysfunction is diminished bioavailability of the vasodilator NO which results in less endogenous opposition to circulating vasoconstrictors such as ET-1 [4].…”

“…Neural regulation is carried out by the autonomic nervous system whereas humoral regulation is performed by a variety of substances released by different cell types [2]. Hypertension is largely due to inappropriate humoral control [2] precipitated by increased oxidative stress, increased production of endothelin-1 (ET-1), decreased nitric oxide (NO) production and/or bioavailability, and/or over-stimulation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS).…”

“…Neural regulation is carried out by the autonomic nervous system whereas humoral regulation is performed by a variety of substances released by different cell types [2]. Hypertension is largely due to inappropriate humoral control [2] precipitated by increased oxidative stress, increased production of endothelin-1 (ET-1), decreased nitric oxide (NO) production and/or bioavailability, and/or over-stimulation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Moreover, these changes have been associated cardiovascular disease (CVD) [2,3,4,5,6,7,8] and there is a positive and direct correlation between hypertension and risk for cardiac arrhythmia, cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial infarction, and heart failure [1,9].…”

The versatile ruthenium(II/III) tetraazamacrocycle complexes and their nitrosyl derivatives

“…NO has two signaling pathways, one cGMP-dependent and one independent, which could directly activate the K + channels [213]. Another factor for vasodilation in the smooth muscle cells is cytosolic calcium concentration decrease by calcium entry inhibition [214]. Studies indicate that the NO/cGMP pathway can decrease intracellular calcium (Fig.…”

Resposta de uma Sessão com Vídeo Game Ativo na Hipotensão Pós-Exercício em Jovens Normotensos

“…Além disso, o fator psicológico e o prazer proporcionado pelos jogos de vídeo game podem exercer grande influência nos mecanismos fisiológicos. Algumas práticas alternativas consideradas igualmente relaxantes têm demonstrado efeitos fisiológicos benéficos, como é o caso de um estudo que mostrou alterações na atividade autonômica cardíaca através da redução da atividade do sistema nervoso simpático após a prática de tai-chi-chuan 24 . Um estudo mostrou que 60 minutos de Hatha Yoga, foi capaz de reduzir em 10mmHg e 5mmHg para os componentes sistólicos e diastólicos respectivamente, em sujeitos hipertensos 25 .…”