Volumosas fístulas de ambas coronárias para a artéria pulmonar: embolização percutânea com micro-molas e balões destacáveis

Abstract

A 43-year-old symptomatic woman (dyspnea and palpitation) had multiple coronary-pulmonary artery fistulae with high output; percutaneous embolization was successfully performed using controlled-release microcoils and disposable balloons.Coronary fistulae are communications between these arteries and the cardiac cavities or other mediastinal vessels; frequently, they are alterations in embryo development 1 . Several fistulae arising from both coronaries and ending in the pulmonary artery, such as in our patient's case, are rare clinical entities 2 . Fistulae with marked hemodynamic repercussions leading to symptoms of heart failure and thoracic pain are, classically, treated with surgery 3 ; however, catheter occlusion is currently increasing in frequency [4][5][6][7][8] . Case ReportA 43-year-old woman was referred to the hospital because of frequent episodes of palpitations and exercise-related dyspnea, with symptoms progressing in recent years. Specific clinical examination revealed a continuous cardiac murmur, heard at the left sternal border at the third and fourth intercostal spaces. Twelvelead electrocardiography revealed complete left bundle-branch block. Echocardiographic Doppler performed at another hospital showed large patent ductus arteriosus and pulmonary artery hypertension. The patient was referred for hemodynamic study because of this diagnosis. Manometry revealed a mild increase in pressure in the right chamber and pulmonary artery. A pulse oximetric recording peaked at the level of the pulmonary artery trunk. Patent ductus arteriosus was not found. Cardiac scintigraphy demonstrated large right coronary ( fig.1) and left coronary fistulae ( fig. 2) in the pulmonary artery.Percutaneous embolization was performed, using the right femoral artery for Access with a JR 4 6F guidewire catheter (Cordis, brite tip) for the right coronary and a JL 4 6F for the left coronary.After venous administration of 5000 U unfractionated heparin, a large fistula of the right coronary ostium was catheterized selectively (Excelsior microcatheter, Boston Scientific). Controlled-release coils were used to completely occlude fistula (MicroPlex, Microvention). Microcatheters were used to perform catheterization of the 2 large fistulae in the proximal and medium third of the anterior descending artery, the fistula being successively occluded with the same type of microcoils. These coils are produced by Microvention. New platinum microcoils were introduced into the market in 2002 for the embolization of brain aneurysms. We used 11 devices for the embolization of the fistulae: 2 microplex 4mm/8cm, 2 microplex 6mm/15cm, 2 microplex 8mm/20cm, 1 microplex 4mm/10cm, 1 microplex 5mm/12cm, 1 microplex 7mm/ 18cm, 1 microplex 7mm/30cmm, and 1 microplex 9/30cm ( fig. 3).A residual flow was left in the right coronary fistula by a lateral branch emerging before the site where the coils were released. The patient under local anesthesia tolerated the procedure well. Distal embolization was not observed for the coronary branches.After the ...

Fistula between the right coronary artery and the branch of the pulmonary artery as an uncommon cause of syncope in elderly patients

“…6 No entanto, há associação entre a presença de fístulas coronarianas e sintomas isquêmicos, independentemente do tamanho da fístula e do fluxo presente, o que fica evidente a partir da apresentação clínica da paciente em questão. 1,8,9 Ainda, encontra-se na literatura evolução desfavorável para dilatação aneurismática da artéria coronária envolvida, 2 exigindo intervenção cirúrgica.…”