“…Studies conducted in various countries have shown that, during adolescence, the prevalence of depression is higher among girls than among boys (Kessler and Walters, 1998;Sykes, 1987), as well as among ethnic minorities (Cuijpers et al, 2008), individuals between 14 and 16 years of age (Cooper and Goodyer, 1993), with less schooling (Cuijpers et al, 2008), from parents with mental disorders (Gonzalez-Tejera et al, 2005), with less social support (Gonzalez-Tejera et al, 2005) and who have ever suffered any form of physical or psychological violence (GonzalezTejera et al, 2005). Studies evaluating individuals between 14 and 19 years of age in Brazil have shown that the prevalence of depression was higher among the females than among the males (Jatobá and Bastos, 2007;Menezes et al, 2013;Zinn-Souza et al, 2008), as well as among adolescents with family relationship problems (Zinn- Souza et al, 2008), smokers or alcohol consumers on a regular basis (Zinn- Souza et al, 2008), those not engaged in physical activity (Zinn-Souza et al, 2008) and among those who belong to families in the lowest income quintiles (Menezes et al, 2013). One such study also showed that depression among adolescents was associated with parental, intrauterine and early-life factors, including being the product of an unplanned pregnancy, as well as lack of support provided to the mother by her partner, maternal alcohol consumption during gestation, and in utero exposure to tobacco smoke from active or passive maternal smoking (Menezes et al, 2013).…”