Uso de resíduos de madeira como alternativa de melhorar as condições ambientais em sistema de reflorestamento

Abstract

A baixa tecnologia empregada no manejo do solo e utilização do fogo para o plantio de espécies ou cultivares florestais na Amazônia, tem sido apontada como a causa principal das áreas alteradas em sistemas florestais, resultando em erosão, poluição hídrica perda de nutrientes e da biodiversidade. Assim, pode-se hipotetizar que uma área alterada, seja em que ambiente ou tipo de exploração a que esteja submetida, estaria em fase de recuperação quando o teor de matéria orgânica no solo estiver aumentando. Tal condição pode ser medida, através de indicadores biológicos do solo: matéria orgânica e teores de nutrientes, e atividade da biomassa microbiana, e também influencia a qualidade e desenvolvimento (diâmetro e altura das árvores ou biomassa aérea) dos espécimes plantados. As áreas atualmente em recuperação ou recuperadas em suas propriedades edafológicas podem ser comparadas, em termos de bioindicadores, a solos enriquecidos com material orgânico proveniente de manejo pretérito, como em áreas de reflorestamento instaladas em áreas de "Terra Preta". Essa comparação, além de validar os indicadores de qualidade do solo, auxiliará estudos que contemplem a utilização racional, seja de florestas naturais ou florestas plantadas. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: solos amazônicos, indicadores ambientais, resíduos de madeira, floresta plantada de paricá.Use of waste wood as an alternative to improve environmental conditions in the system of reforestation in Tailândia-PA ABSTRACT A substantial portion of soils in the Amazon has low fertility and high acidity indexes. The low levels of technology used in land management and in the use of fire has been pointed out as the main cause of alteration of areas covered by forests. Inadequate soil management, either while planting forest species or agricultural crops, leads to environmental modifications, such as erosion, water pollution and loss of nutrients and biodiversity. Despite the difficulty to measure the degree of recovery of those areas, we may assume that an altered area, whatever environment or land use type it is submitted, would be in recovery phase when the status of its organic matter is improving. This can be measured through soil biological indicators such as levels of organic matter and nutrients, and activity of the microbiological biomass. It also influences the quality of the planted specimens in terms of tree diameter and height, and aerial biomass. Areas currently under recovery or recovered in their edaphological properties can be compared, through the use of bioindicators, to soils enriched with organic material from organic soil management in the past, such as forest systems planted in areas of black earths. This comparison, besides validating soil quality indicators, will be helpful in studies involving rational use of both natural and planted forests.

Determination of soil chemical attributes with terra preta nova experiment

“…The Terra Preta Nova experiment promoted improvements in soil chemical attributes with incorporation of organic residues, mainly those derived from wood sawdust. Monteiro et al (2010), studying the incorporation of wood sawdust to improve the soil chemical attributes, verified similar results to present study.…”

“…The incorporation of organic residues influenced the increase in soil pH, showing a higher value than control treatment (T16), in which the treatments charcoal + bone meal residues (T7), and charcoal (T1) obtained the highest pH values of 7.06, and 6.76, respectively, while the control treatment was 4.76 ( Table 2). The incorporation of organic residues promoted the correction of soil pH, corroborating with results obtained by Monteiro et al (2010), verified in Tailândia city the increase of soil pH, with values of 5.6 for soil incorporated organic residues and 5.2 for agricultural soils. Potential acidity (H + Al) contents were statistically different (Table 2), however, it was not a result of organic residues incorporated in soil, since treatments with the presence showed lower values (T11, T12, T14, and T17), and higher values (T3, T5, T9, and T10) compared to control treatment (T16).…”

Ecofunctional Traits and Biomass Production in Leguminous Tree Species under Fertilization Treatments during Forest Restoration in Amazonia

“…In addition, a slash-and-mulch treatment performed with I. edulis pruning increased the growth of S. amazonicum and manioc [18]. Monteiro, et al [49] observed an increase in the diameter at breast height of S. amazonicum due to the application of forestry residues. Chemical fertilization had positive effects on the height and biomass production of S. amazonicum seedlings [50,51].…”

SUPERAÇÃO DE DORMÊNCIA EM SEMENTES DE Schizolobium amazonicum Ducke

“…Entretanto, as informações acerca do comportamento de espécies florestais da região Amazônica, principalmente com relação à tecnologia para produção de sementes e mudas florestais ainda são insuficientes (MONTEIRO et al, 2010).…”