Infecção natural por tripanosomatídeos (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) em Lutzomyia umbratilis (Diptera: Psychodidae) em áreas de leishmaniose tegumentar americana no Amazonas, Brasil

Abstract

RESUMODurante o período de 2002 a 2003 foram realizadas coletas de flebotomíneos em duas áreas do estado do Amazonas (Base de treinamento militar -BI1 e Tarumã Mirim). Nessas coletas foram capturadas um total de 1.440 fêmeas de Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) umbratilis. Lu.umbratilis é a principal responsável pela transmissão da Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana (LTA) ao norte do Rio Amazonas. Do total coletado apenas 15 espécimens (ou 1,04%) apresentaram infecção natural por tripanosomatídeos, sendo 12 na BI1 e 3 em Tarumã-Mirim. Isso representou uma taxa de infecção de 1,66% (12 dos 720 capturados em BI1) e 0,42% (3 dos 720 em Tarumã-Mirim). Estes resultados confirmam as informações prévias por outros autores de reduzidos valores de infecção natural por tripanosomatídeos em flebotomíneos, mesmo em áreas altamente endêmicas para leishmaniose. 04%) presented natural infection with trypanosomatids, being 12 at Bl1 and 3 at Tarumã-Mirim. The infection rate was 1,66% (12 of the 720 collected at BI1) and 0,42% (3 of the 720 at Tarumã-Mirim). These results confirm the previous informations described by other authors that insects have low rates of natural infection by trypanosomatids even in high endemic areas for leishmaniasis.

Ecological aspects and molecular detection of Leishmania DNA Ross (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) in phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in terra firme and várzea environments in the Middle Solimões Region, Amazonas State, Brazil

“…In addition, information about the natural infection of sand flies indicates that unconfirmed vectors may be present in Amazonas. Most natural infection studies in the region have been performed by dissection and visualization of trypanosomatid forms, but this method complicates the identification of Leishmania species [ 5 , 21 , 22 ], and is considered a relatively laborious technical procedure. Molecular methods like Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) are able to detect minimal amounts of Leishmania DNA, and allow a larger number of sand flies to be analyzed [ 23 ]; however, in Amazonas, PCR method to detect Leishmania infection has been used in a single article [ 24 ].…”

Speciation in the Leishmania guyanensis Vector Lutzomyia umbratilis (Diptera: Psychodidae) from Northern Brazil — Implications for Epidemiology and Vector Control

“…In the Brazilian Amazon, this species has shown to be highly anthropophilic and has been appointed as the main Le. guyanensis vector in the states of Pará [58][59][60], Amazonas [42,[61][62][63] and Amapá [18] and is probably involved in the transmission in the states of Acre [64] and Rondônia [65]. Moreover, according to the hypothesis of Arias and Freitas [40], the susceptibility of this vector to Leishmania seems to vary in the central Brazilian Amazon region.…”

“…These species have been found infected naturally with Le. guyanensis in the Brazilian Amazon, although the studies revealed much higher infection rates in L. umbratilis than in L. anduzei females, consequently, the former has been recognized as principal vector of this parasite [18,63,71,72].…”

Topical treatment of experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis in golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) with formulations containing pentamidine

“…In addition, more than 15 million people are infected Worldwide in a risk area that encompasses more than 350 million people (Alvar et al 2012). Reports of epidemics have occurred in the Northeast of Brazil and Amazon region related to predatory colonization processes (Pinheiro et al 2008). Leishmania is transmitted by insect vector, Phlebotomus species in the Old World and Lutzomyia species in the New World (Bates 2007).…”