HIV-1: maternal prognosis

Beitune, Patrícia El; Duarte, Geraldo; Quintana, Silvana Maria; Figueiró-Filho, Ernesto Antônio

doi:10.1590/s0041-87812004000100005

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…In some regions, the gender ratio of infection is already one man to one woman. Consequently, pediatric infection from mother-to-child transmission is the most common route of HIV infection among Brazilian children, although the prevalence of HIV infection among pregnant women in Brazil is less than 1% [2][3].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of indeterminate human immunodeficiency virus western blot results in pregnant women attended at a public hospital in Presidente Prudente, Brazil

Cremonezi¹,

Mesquita²,

Romão³

et al. 2005

Braz J Infect Dis

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The AIDS epidemic is spreading rapidly among women worldwide, offering increasing opportunities for vertical transmission of HIV. In Brazil, the prevalence of HIV infection among pregnant women is less than 1%. Therefore, the positive predictive value of an HIV EIA test tends to be lower than the more frequent indeterminate Western blot result. Pregnant women receiving antenatal care, from 2000 to 2004, at a public secondary hospital in the city of Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil, were systematically screened for HIV by means of two distinct EIA tests, in order to determine the prevalence of indeterminate Western blot results among pregnant women showing discordance in both HIV EIA tests and indirect immunofluorescence assay. Confirmatory indirect immunofluorescence was performed on material for all women with positive results in both EIA tests. Whenever there were positive results in EIA and IIA, the applicant was retested by the initial screening assay. Only those not showing concordance in results in EIA and IAA had a Western blot performed. The viral load was measured in pregnant women with positive or indeterminate Western blot results. Out of 9,786 sera, 105 (1.0%) were positive in the two HIV EIA screening tests, confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence. Among these women, Western blot was interpreted as indeterminate in 11 (0.1%) cases and their viral load was <50 copies/mL. We found a prevalence of 0.1% HIV indeterminate Western blots in pregnant women from Presidente Prudente and the surrounding region; none of these pregnant women had positive HIV viral loads.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of indeterminate human immunodeficiency virus western blot results in pregnant women attended at a public hospital in Presidente Prudente, Brazil

Cremonezi¹,

Mesquita²,

Romão³

et al. 2005

Braz J Infect Dis

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“…There are concerns that pregnancy may accelerate the progression of HIV/AIDS, either due to suppression of cellular immunity that takes place during pregnancy or due to hormonal changes, but at present there is no conclusive research available [19]. There is more evidence to suggest that HIV adversely affects pregnancy, a systematic review concluding a 1.8-6 times greater risk of spontaneous abortion when the mother is HIV-1-positive [20].…”

Section: Effect Of Hiv Infection During Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is more evidence to suggest that HIV adversely affects pregnancy, a systematic review concluding a 1.8-6 times greater risk of spontaneous abortion when the mother is HIV-1-positive [20]. Women with HIV infection are also at increased risk of suffering adverse obstetric events such as post-operative endometritis or maternal postpartum haemorrhage [19]. Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) causes 80-90% of HIV infections in children.…”

Section: Effect Of Hiv Infection During Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapies to Combat Co-Infection of HIV and Malaria during Pregnancy in Sub-Saharan Africa

ML¹

2016

Int J Vaccine Immunizat

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In sub-Saharan Africa where Plasmodium falciparum malaria is endemic, 80% of the world's HIV-infected persons reside, making co-infection with these two major human pathogens a common occurrence. Pregnancy is a condition that produces an immunosuppressed state in the mother, which, in combination with an immune compromising disease such as HIV/AIDS, can lead to an increased risk of contracting infectious diseases such as malaria. Co-infection during pregnancy can lead to a number of poor outcomes for both mother and child. There has been little research into the implications of pregnancy and/or co-infection with regard to treatment of HIV/AIDS or malaria, and as a result the options for efficacious drug therapy during gestation are limited. In light of this, prophylactic measures are being investigated, including a vaccine for pregnant women or those planning a family that aims to reduce or prevent the adverse effects of malaria and/or HIV/AIDS. This review discusses the pressing need for treatment, outlines the incumbent difficulties in production of an effective chemotherapeutic or immunization regimen, and considers strategies for present and prospective vaccine development.

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“…Additionally, as long as the mother is in good health, HIV does not impact the course of the pregnancy [ 12 ]. The risks of complications are higher for the mother and her fetus when mother develops an HIV-related opportunistic disease and when the CD4 cells count is below 200/µl [ 13 ]. Miscarriages, abortions, ectopic pregnancies and stillborns delivery seem to be as recurrent among HIV positive women (some of whom were under ART) as among non infected women [ 8 , 14 – 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pregnancy rate and birth outcomes among women receiving antiretroviral therapy in Burkina Faso: a retrospective cohort study

Poda¹,

Hema²,

Konaté³

et al. 2016

Pan Afr Med J

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IntroductionIn Sub-Saharan Africa, few studies reported pregnancy incidence and outcomes in women taking antiretroviral therapy (ART). This survey aims to estimate the incidence and outcomes of pregnancy in a cohort of HIV positive women initiating ART in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.MethodsWe carried out a retrospective cohort study. We selected women in childbearing age initiating ART and followed up in Bobo-Dioulasso teaching hospital between January 2005 and June 2011. The incidence of pregnancies during follow-up was calculated. Childbirth was defined by the expulsion of a fetus after 22 weeks of amenorrhea. Before this term, it is an abortion. Childbirth is said premature if it occurs before 37 weeks of gestation, to term if it occurs between the 38th and the 42nd week. The annual age-standardized fertility rates were calculated using the baseline population from the 2010 demographic and health survey (DHS) in Burkina Faso.ResultsA total of 1,763 women of childbearing age under ART were included in the study. They ranged between 18 and 48 years old with a median of 35 years old. A total of 222 pregnancies were observed during 4639 women-years of follow-up, corresponding to an incidence density of 5 pregnancies for 100 women-years (95% CI: 4.2-5.5). Among the 222 pregnancies recorded, 9(4.0%) ended with abortion, 205(92.4%) with childbirth (including 15 premature childbirths); the outcome of 8(3.6%) pregnancies were unknown abortion. Live birth and stillborn rates were 94.0% (193/205) and 6.0% respectively. The standard fertility rate in our cohort was 45 live births for 1,000 women-years. The general decrease in fertility rates was 66.0% among women infected with HIV compared to the overall populationConclusionThis study shows a low pregnancy incidence among women initiating ART as compared to their peers from the general population. Pregnancies that occurred during ART generally end with live births. Care packages for HIV infected women of childbearing age must include reproductive health services to better address this issue.

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HIV-1: maternal prognosis

Cited by 10 publications

References 75 publications

Prevalence of indeterminate human immunodeficiency virus western blot results in pregnant women attended at a public hospital in Presidente Prudente, Brazil

Prevalence of indeterminate human immunodeficiency virus western blot results in pregnant women attended at a public hospital in Presidente Prudente, Brazil

Therapies to Combat Co-Infection of HIV and Malaria during Pregnancy in Sub-Saharan Africa

Pregnancy rate and birth outcomes among women receiving antiretroviral therapy in Burkina Faso: a retrospective cohort study

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