The effects of glutamine-supplemented diet on the intestinal mucosa of the malnourished growing rat

Tannuri, Uenis; Carrazza, Francisco Roque; Iriya, Kiyoshi

doi:10.1590/s0041-87812000000300004

Cited by 29 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Wu et al (1996) reported that fold height in the duodenum increased as dietary glutamine level increased from 0.0 to 1.00%. The same results were reported in rat jejunum and ileac villus (Tannuri et al, 2000), and chick duodenum and jejunum villi (Bartell and Batal, 2007). The relative gut length and weight of fish fed higher Gln diets were also larger than those of fish fed lower Gln diets, our results agreed with those of Helton et al (1990) who found a positive effect of high dietary glutamine level on the intestinal weight in epithelium of small intestine of humans.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

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Dietary glutamine supplementation improves growth performance and intestinal digestion/absorption ability in young hybrid sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii ♀ × Huso dauricus♂)

Zhu

Hong

et al. 2011

Journal of Applied Ichthyology

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Exogenous glutamine (Gln) was evaluated for its effect on growth performance, intestinal structure and function in young hybrid sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii $ · Huso dauricus #). Seven basal diets supplemented with 0, 1.00% AlanylGlutamine (Aln-Gln, 63.02% Gln) and 1.00, 2.00, 3.00, 4.00, 5.00% Solpro 508 (30.04% Gln) (0.30, 0.60, 0.90, 1.20, 1.50 of Gln) were fed to fish (initial mean weight: 22.38 ± 0.18 g) for 8 weeks, Water temperature was 22.4 ± 1.0°C, Dissolved oxygen was 7.56 ± 0.76 mg L )1 , the experiment was conducted in triplicates with an initial stocking density of 15 fish per aquarium. Supplementation with Aln-Gln and Solpro 508 increased weight gain rate, intestinal fold height, digestive enzyme and Na + , K + -ATPase activities, and decreased feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05). The intestinal crypt depth decreased significantly with increasing dietary Gln supplementation, and the activities of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, as well as glutathione content were found to be significantly higher and malondialdehyde levels were lower (P < 0.05) with increasing dietary Gln supplementation. These results provide an experimental basis for the use of Gln in improving growth performance, intestinal structure and function of juvenile sturgeon, and 1.00% AlanylGlutamine and 3.00%5.00% Solpro 508 supplementation in the diet is recommended.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…This study clearly demonstrates that administration of Gln had beneficial effect on the growth performance of juvenile hybrid sturgeon. Similar trends have been reported for other animals (Tannuri et al., 2000). Lin and Zhou (2006) also reported an improvement in percent weight gain in juvenile carp fed diets supplemented with 1.20% Gln.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Dietary glutamine supplementation improves growth performance and intestinal digestion/absorption ability in young hybrid sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii ♀ × Huso dauricus♂)

Zhu

Hong

et al. 2011

Journal of Applied Ichthyology

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“…This process could be reversed by the nutritional support of glutamine (Roth et al, 1988). Our present study showed that Gly-Gln supplementation resulted in an increase of BMY, LMY and the body weight of birds which is similar to the observations made in rats (Tannuri et al, 2000) and pig (Huang et al, 2004). An earlier study demonstrated an enhanced shearing strength of pectoralis major muscle in yellow-feathered chickens treated with Gly-Gln (Shu et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Effects of glycyl-glutamine on the growth performance and lipid deposition in Yue-Huang broilers

Shu¹,

Gao²,

Zhu³

et al. 2007

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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To investigate the effects of glycyl-glutamine (Gly-Gln) on the growth performance and body composition in Yue-Huang broilers, two hundreds and seventy 9-d-old birds were randomly allocated to 3 groups of 90 birds each, incorporating 3 cages per group. All the birds were offered a commercial starter feed supplemented with 0, 0.01 or 0.05 mg Gly-Gln per kg for next 5 weeks, then given a commercial grower feed for another 5 weeks. The results showed that Gly-Gln could not only significantly increase the body weight of Yue-Huang broilers but also enhanced breast muscle and leg muscle yields, while it declined abdominal fat percentage in a dose-dependent manner. The concentration of triglyceride and total cholesterol (T-CHO) in serum and that of T-CHO in pectoralis major muscle were reduced with the up-regulated mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptors α (PPAR-α) and down-regulated transcript levels of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and sterol regulatory element binding protein-2 (SREBP-2).

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“…A Gln-enriched diet has previously been shown to ameliorate malnutrition-related enteropathy in rats (21). Additional work utilizing transformed intestinal epithelial cell lines from rats, pigs, or humans identified several cytoprotective or cell death pathways modulated by Gln, including ERK1/2 (6, 14, 15), phosphatidylinositol-3/Akt (6), mTOR (13), EGF receptor (18), heat shock proteins (5,27), and Sp3 (1), as well as signals that regulate autophagy (16).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glutamine and alanyl-glutamine promote crypt expansion and mTOR signaling in murine enteroids

Moore

Guedes

Costa

et al. 2015

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

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Moore SR, Guedes MM, Costa TB, Vallance J, Maier EA, Betz KJ, Aihara E, Mahe MM, Lima AA, Oriá RB, Shroyer NF. Glutamine and alanyl-glutamine promote crypt expansion and mTOR signaling in murine enteroids. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 308: G831-G839, 2015. First published March 19, 2015; doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00422.2014.-L-Glutamine (Gln) is a key metabolic fuel for intestinal epithelial cell proliferation and survival and may be conditionally essential for gut homeostasis during catabolic states. We show that L-alanyl-L-glutamine (Ala-Gln), a stable Gln dipeptide, protects mice against jejunal crypt depletion in the setting of dietary protein and fat deficiency. Separately, we show that murine crypt cultures (enteroids) derived from the jejunum require Gln or Ala-Gln for maximal expansion. Once expanded, enteroids deprived of Gln display a gradual atrophy of cryptlike domains, with decreased epithelial proliferation, but stable proportions of Paneth and goblet cell differentiation, at 24 h. Replenishment of enteroid medium with Gln selectively activates mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways, rescues proliferation, and promotes crypt regeneration. Gln deprivation beyond 48 h leads to destabilization of enteroids but persistence of EGFP-Lgr5-positive intestinal stem cells with the capacity to regenerate enteroids upon Gln rescue. Collectively, these findings indicate that Gln deprivation induces a reversible quiescence of intestinal stem cells and provides new insights into nutritional regulation of intestinal epithelial homeostasis. intestinal organoids; L-glutamine; L-alanyl-L-glutamine; ERK; mammalian target of rapamycin IMPORTANT QUESTIONS regarding the maintenance of gastrointestinal (GI) epithelial homeostasis by the intestinal stem cells (ISCs) residing within the crypts of Lieberkühn are 1) how decisions about cellular growth, differentiation, and death are made and 2) how nutritional status and specific nutrients influence ISC dynamics (8,11, 28). Food provides a key stimulus for preserving the growth and normal crypt-villus architecture of the GI epithelium (19). Hence, atrophy of the GI mucosa is a common gut manifestation of both undernutrition and exclusive parenteral nutrition in humans and laboratory animals (24).Several gut trophic nutrients, including select amino acids, have been shown to promote GI epithelial homeostasis and barrier function in human and animal models of disease (3, 29). Among the amino acids with purported gut trophic effects, L-glutamine (Gln) continues to be a topic of keen interest, both as an important fuel for enterocytes and, more controversially, as a "conditionally essential" nutrient for GI epithelial homeostasis during severe illness (26). Despite several advances in understanding mechanisms of Gln in the gut (9), specific effects of Gln on ISC activation and differentiation have yet to be elucidated. This gap in knowledge is due, in part, to the long and elusive search for bona fide markers of ISCs. Thus the identification of a definitive m...

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The effects of glutamine-supplemented diet on the intestinal mucosa of the malnourished growing rat

Abstract: Enteral glutamine has some positive effects on body weight gain and trophism of the jejunal mucosa in the malnourished growing rat.

Cited by 29 publications

References 21 publications

Dietary glutamine supplementation improves growth performance and intestinal digestion/absorption ability in young hybrid sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii ♀ × Huso dauricus♂)

Dietary glutamine supplementation improves growth performance and intestinal digestion/absorption ability in young hybrid sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii ♀ × Huso dauricus♂)

Effects of glycyl-glutamine on the growth performance and lipid deposition in Yue-Huang broilers

Glutamine and alanyl-glutamine promote crypt expansion and mTOR signaling in murine enteroids

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