Mediastinitis and pericardial effusion in a patient with AIDS and disseminated Mycobacterium avium infection: a case report

Cortez-Escalante, Juan José; Santos, Aline Marques dos; Garnica, Giovanna de Curcio; Sarmento, Ana Lucia; Castro, Cleudson; Romero, Gustavo Adolfo Sierra

doi:10.1590/s0037-86822012000300027

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…Many species of actinomycetes such as nocardia, mycobacterium, and ie, are increasingly being recognized as important human pathogens in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. 17,33,34 The clinical presentation and severity of disease and the prognosis in an infected patient are extremely variable and may be determined by several factors such as the route of infection and the functioning level of the immune system. 5,35 Likewise, accurate identification and DST of actinomycetes clinical isolates is a significant decision support tool which may help clinicians in order to select more appropriate therapy and, thus, improve the management and outcomes of some important actinomycetes diseases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Species Diversity, Molecular Characterization, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Opportunistic Actinomycetes Isolated from Immunocompromised and Healthy Patients of Markazi Province of Iran</p>

Azadi¹,

Motallebirad²,

Ghaffari³

et al. 2020

IDR

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Background: Actinomycetes widely exist in nature and these species cause infections in immunocompromised and healthy patients, although they are frequently found as members of the normal microbiota of humans and animals. These subsequent infections are often misdiagnosed as malignancy and tuberculosis. Due to this issue, the present study aimed to determine the presence and diversity of actinomycetes species causing infections in Iranian patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 79 clinical samples collected from five hospitals in Markazi province were analyzed for the existence of actinomycetes using standard protocols for isolation and characterization of the isolates. The conventional tests were used for preliminary identification, the PCR amplification of hsp65 gene, the specific region of the 16S rRNA, and sequence analyses of 16S rRNA were applied for the genus and species identification. MICs of the antimicrobial agent were determined by the broth microdilution method and interpreted according to the NCCLS guidelines. Results: A total of 17 (21.51%) actinomycetes isolates were recovered from clinical samples. In other analyzed samples, eight (10.12%) gram-positive, 12 (15.18) gramnegative bacteria, and six (7.6) fungi isolates were recovered. The most prevalent actinomycetes species were M. fortuitum (17.64%), N. Mexicana and S. heliomycini (11.76% each), and 10 species, ie, N. farcinica, M. lehmannii, M. flavescens, Arthrobacter crystalopoetis, N. neocaledoniensis, M. phocaicum, M. abscessus, M. arupense, M. setense, and N. cyriacigeorgica made up the single isolates. Results of DST illustrated that all of the isolates were susceptible to Amikacin, Levofloxacin, Ofloxacin, and Ciprofloxacin, whereas all of them were resistant to Rifampicin and Doxycycline. Conclusion: In conclusion, increasing isolation of actinomycetes found in various clinical cases merits special attention by health authorities in developing countries. In health centers, action should be taken to increase awareness of appropriate diagnostic criteria and management guidelines for actinomycetes diseases. Furthermore, an increase in the number as well as the quality of national and regional reference laboratories may facilitate more accurate diagnosis of actinomycetes diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Species Diversity, Molecular Characterization, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Opportunistic Actinomycetes Isolated from Immunocompromised and Healthy Patients of Markazi Province of Iran</p>

Azadi¹,

Motallebirad²,

Ghaffari³

et al. 2020

IDR

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“…Axillary lymphadenitis caused by M. avium complex is rare, and has been reported in immunocompromised hosts [8,9]. To the best of our knowledge, the present report is the first describing axillary lymphadenitis caused by M. intracellulare in an immunocompetent host.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…The condition commonly occurs in the neck, and it has been suggested that the reason for this is that NTM—which adheres to the inside of the oral cavity or pharynx—enters via the tonsillar lymph nodes and induces the development of lymphadenitis of the neck or both the head and the neck. Reports describing cases of axillary lymphadenitis caused by NTM are limited, and the cause may be related to trauma, especially tenosynovitis [13], or HIV infection [8]. There is also one report of an 8-month-old infant with axillary lymphadenitis caused by MAC [9], but notably, that infant was HIV-positive.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A case of axillary lymphadenitis caused by Mycobacterium intracellulare in an immunocompetent patient

Itano

Ohashi

Senoo

et al. 2019

Respiratory Medicine Case Reports

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Axillary lymphadenitis caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria is rare and has been reported in immunocompromised hosts. Herein, we report the case of a 67-year-old man without immunodeficiency who developed right axillary lymphadenitis caused by Mycobacterium intracellulare and showed a small nodular shadow in the left pulmonary apex. Biopsy of the right axillary lymph node revealed several epithelioid granulomas, and the culture of the lymph node aspirate yielded Mycobacterium intracellulare. The lymph node lesion and left lung apex shadow resolved spontaneously after careful outpatient monitoring. This case suggests that axillary lymphadenitis could be caused by Mycobacterium intracellulare in an immunocompetent patient.

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“…avium subsp. avium is pathogenic for birds but can cause opportunistic infections in AIDS patients, whereas M. avium subsp.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

1,2,3,4,8,9,10,11-Octahydrobenzo[j]phenanthridine-7,12-diones as New Leads against Mycobacterium tuberculosis

et al. 2014

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Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a worldwide health problem with over 1.4 million deaths each year. Despite efforts to develop more effective vaccines, more reliable diagnostics, and chemotherapeutics, tuberculosis remains a threat to global health, fueled by the HIV pandemic and the rapid generation of drug resistance. The exploration of novel drugs to serve as a companion drug for existing drugs is of paramount importance. As part of our program to design new 2-aza-anthraquinones with antimycobacterial activity, various tetrahydro- and octahydrobenzo[j]phenanthridinediones were synthesized. These compounds showed high in vitro potency against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiological agent of TB and against other clinically relevant mycobacterial species at submicromolar concentrations. The susceptibility of a multidrug resistant strain toward these compounds and their ability to target intracellular replicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis was demonstrated. Next to the acute toxicity, the genotoxicity of these compounds was investigated. Often overlooked in studies, genotoxicity could be dismissed for the investigated compounds, making them a promising scaffold in TB drug research.

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Mediastinitis and pericardial effusion in a patient with AIDS and disseminated Mycobacterium avium infection: a case report

Cited by 14 publications

References 11 publications

<p>Species Diversity, Molecular Characterization, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Opportunistic Actinomycetes Isolated from Immunocompromised and Healthy Patients of Markazi Province of Iran</p>

<p>Species Diversity, Molecular Characterization, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Opportunistic Actinomycetes Isolated from Immunocompromised and Healthy Patients of Markazi Province of Iran</p>

A case of axillary lymphadenitis caused by Mycobacterium intracellulare in an immunocompetent patient

1,2,3,4,8,9,10,11-Octahydrobenzo[j]phenanthridine-7,12-diones as New Leads against Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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