Improvement of a PCR test to diagnose infection by Mansonella ozzardi

Vera, Luis; Basano, Sérgio de Almeida; Camargo, Juliana de Souza Almeida Aranha; França, Andonai Krauze de; Ferreira, Ricardo de Godoi Mattos; Casseb, Almeida Andrade; Medeiros, Jansen Fernandes; Fontes, Gilberto; Camargo, Luís Marcelo Aranha

doi:10.1590/s0037-86822011000300023

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…PCR-based amplification of species-specific target sequences allows for increased diagnostic sensitivity, compared with microscopic methods, and reliable differentiation between M. ozzardi and co-endemic filarial species such as O. volvulus and M. perstans. 19,20,86,87 Key factors that determine the diagnostic sensitivity of PCR include sample storage conditions prior to DNA extraction, sample volume, and methods used to isolate DNA. 87 The PCR method described by Tang and colleagues 19 was 1.5 × more sensitive when DNA templates were prepared from 2.5-μl of venous blood, compared with those isolated from 0.6 μl of dried blood from FTA membranes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mansonella ozzardi: a neglected New World filarial nematode

Lima

Aybar

Juri

et al. 2016

Pathogens and Global Health

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Mansonella ozzardi (Nematoda: Onchocercidae) is an understudied filarial nematode, originally described by Patrick Manson in 1897, that can be transmitted by two families of dipteran vectors, biting midges (most of them members of the genus Culicoides) and black flies (genus Simulium). With a patchy geographic distribution from southern Mexico to northwestern Argentina, human infection with M. ozzardi is highly prevalent in some of the Caribbean islands, along riverine communities in the Amazon Basin, and on both sides of the border between Bolivia and Argentina. There is no clinical entity unequivocally associated with M. ozzardi infection, although fever, arthralgia, headache, cold lower extremities, and itchy cutaneous rashes are occasionally mentioned in case report series. More recently, ocular manifestations (especially keratitis) have been associated with mansonelliasis, opening an important area of investigation. Here, we briefly review the biology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical aspects of M. ozzardi infection and point to some existing knowledge gaps, aiming to stimulate a research agenda to help filling them. IntroductionMansonella ozzardi (Nematoda: Onchocercidae) is one of the several filarial nematodes that infect humans. This relatively unknown parasite has a patchy geographic distribution across Latin America and the Caribbean, from southern Mexico to northwestern Argentina. Most infected people, regardless of the parasite density, are asymptomatic or have few symptoms. As a consequence, infections with M. ozzardi usually remain undiagnosed and untreated. Ill-defined and unspecific symptoms such as fever, arthralgia, headache, cold lower extremities, and itchy cutaneous rashes are occasionally reported by patients, but whether they are caused by M. ozzardi infection remains to be determined. Nevertheless, ocular manifestations potentially associated with mansonelliasis, especially keratitis, have attracted substantial interest from ophthalmologists in recent years. Here, we summarize key biological, epidemiological, and clinical aspects of M. ozzardi infection. We explore recent developments in pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, and chemotherapy and discuss the potential public health impact of this highly prevalent but largely neglected New World parasite. Biological featuresThree filarial nematodes of the genus Mansonella are known to cause human mansonelliasis: Mansonella streptocerca, which is endemic to Africa; Mansonella perstans, which is commonly found in Africa but also occurs in South America; and M. ozzardi, which is found exclusively in the Americas and the Caribbean islands.1 Only humans appear to be naturally infected with M. ozzardi; African patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas), but not chimpanzees, rhesus, capuchin, or squirrel monkeys, are susceptible to experimental infection with this nematode. 4 Several decades later, Orihel and Eberhard described the elusive adult male and female worms recovered from experimentally infected patas monkeys. 2Natural infection with M. ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mansonella ozzardi: a neglected New World filarial nematode

Lima

Aybar

Juri

et al. 2016

Pathogens and Global Health

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“…4,[9][10][11][12] In this study, the M. ozzardi prevalence was 43.3% (74/171) by using the polycarbonate membrane method, which was found to be more sensitive than the diagnostic methods used in a previous study. 30 Mansonelliasis can thus be considered a neglected disease mainly in the Brazilian Amazon and throughout the Americas and in the Caribbean.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustained Clearance of Mansonella ozzardi Infection after Treatment with Ivermectin in the Brazilian Amazon

Basano¹,

Fontes²,

Medeiros³

et al. 2014

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Therapy for mansonelliasis is challenging because there is no standard drug recommended for its treatment. This non-randomized study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a single dose of 0.15 mg/kg of ivermectin to reduce Mansonella ozzardi microfilaraemia in infected persons. A total of 74 patients were studied within the municipality of Lá brea, which is located in Amazonas State, Brazil. The patients were treated with ivermectin after detection of the parasite by blood examination. Significant microfilaraemia reduction was observed and its residual effect was maintained for at least 12 months. There was no significant change in the laboratory blood count, hepatic metabolites, and nitrogen-bounding compound excreta dosage values that could compromise the use of this drug, demonstrating that ivermectin has a low toxicity level.

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“…Blood examinations were performed as described by Vera et al (2011), and mosquito analyses followed the protocol developed by Rocha (2007).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine heartworm disease in Porto Velho: first record, distribution map and occurrence of positive mosquitoes

Ogawa

Cruz

Cunha

et al. 2013

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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The aim of this study was to make the first report on canine heartworm disease in the state of Rondônia and confirm its transmission in this state. Blood samples were randomly collected from 727 dogs in the city of Porto Velho. The samples were analyzed to search for microfilariae and circulating antigens, using three different techniques: optical microscopy on thick blood smears stained with Giemsa; immunochromatography; and PCR. Mosquitoes were collected inside and outside the homes of all the cases of positive dogs and were tested using PCR to search for DNA of Dirofilaria immitis. Ninety-three blood samples out of 727 (12.8%) were positive according to the immunoassay technique and none according to the thick smear method. Among the 93 positive dogs, 89 (95.7%) were born in Porto Velho. No difference in the frequency of infection was observed between dogs raised indoors and in the yard. PCR on the mosquitoes resulted in only one positive pool. This result shows that the transmission of canine heartworm disease is occurring in the city of Porto Velho and that there is moderate prevalence among the dogs. The techniques of immunochromatography and PCR were more effective for detecting canine heartworm than thick blood smears. The confirmation of canine heartworm disease transmission in Porto Velho places this disease in the ranking for differential diagnosis of pulmonary nodules in humans in Rondônia.Keywords: Canine heartworm disease, Dirofilaria immitis, PCR, immunochromatography, thick blood smears, Brazil. ResumoO objetivo deste estudo foi de registrar pela primeira vez a dirofilariose canina no estado de Rondônia e confirmar sua transmissão neste estado. Amostras de sangue de 727 cães foram colhidas aleatoriamente na cidade de Porto Velho. As amostras foram analisadas em busca de microfilárias e antígenos circulantes usando três técnicas diferentes: microscopia ótica de gota espessa corada com Giemsa e imunocromatografia de fluxo lateral e PCR. Mosquitos foram colhidos no domicilio e peridomicílio de todos os casos de cães positivos, estes mosquitos foram testados pela PCR na detecção de DNA de Dirofilaria immitis. Noventa e três das 727 amostras de sangue foram positivas na técnica de imunoensaio (12,8%). Nenhuma amostra foi positiva na gota espessa. Entre os 93 cães positivos, 89 (95,7%) foram nascidos em Porto Velho. Nenhuma diferença na frequencia de infecção foi observada entre cães criados dentro da casa ou no quintal. O PCR dos mosquitos resultou em apenas um pool positivo. Este resultado mostra que a transmissão de dirofilariose canina está ocorrendo na cidade de Porto Velho e a frequência que ocorre nos cães é considerada moderada. As técnicas de imunocromatografia e PCR são mais eficazes na detecção de dirofilariose comparadas a gota espessa. A confirmação de transmissão de dirofilariose canina em Porto Velho, coloca esta doença no ranking de diagnóstico diferencial de nódulos pulmonares em seres humanos em Rondônia.

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Improvement of a PCR test to diagnose infection by Mansonella ozzardi

Cited by 14 publications

References 7 publications

Mansonella ozzardi: a neglected New World filarial nematode

Mansonella ozzardi: a neglected New World filarial nematode

Sustained Clearance of Mansonella ozzardi Infection after Treatment with Ivermectin in the Brazilian Amazon

Canine heartworm disease in Porto Velho: first record, distribution map and occurrence of positive mosquitoes

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