Frequência de lesões sugestivas de toxoplasmose ocular em uma população rural do Estado do Rio de Janeiro

Abstract

To determine the prevalence of ocular toxoplasmosis among the general population of the district of Santa Rita de Cassia, Barra Mansa, State of Rio de Janeiro, a cross-sectional study on 1,071 individuals was performed. These subjects underwent serological tests (anti-Toxoplasma IgG and IgM) and physical and ophthalmological examinations. The diagnosis of presumed ocular toxoplasmosis was based on clinical and serological criteria and the appearance of the retinochoroidal lesion. The lesions were classified into three morphological types: 1. Limits marked with a halo of hyperpigmentation and an area of central chorioretinal atrophy; 2. Hypopigmented halo and hyperpigmented central area; and 3. Hyperpigmented or hypopigmented. The prevalence of healed lesions compatible with ocular toxoplasmosis was 3.8% among the general population and 5.8% among individuals who were seropositive for Toxoplasma gondii (65.9% of the individuals evaluated). Type-1 lesions (41.5%), female sex (68.3%), peripheral lesions (58.5%) and lesions smaller than three disc diameters predominated.

Toxoplasmosis in humans and animals in Brazil: high prevalence, high burden of disease, and epidemiology

“…As stated earlier, although most reports of ocular toxoplasmosis were from the Clínica Silveira in Erechim, the disease is probably common in the rest of the Brazilian population, and toxoplasmosis has been recognized as an important cause of uveitis in Brazil since late 1970's (Belfort et al 1978;de Abreu et al 1980de Abreu et al , 1982Petrilli et al 1987;Silveira et al 1987;Pinheiro et al 1990;Glasner et al 1992b;Schellini et al 1993;Reis et al 1998a, b;Sebben et al 1995;Abreu et al 1998;Jorge et al 2003;Gouveia et al 2004;Oliveira and Reis, 2004;Alvarenga et al 2007;Haddad et al 2007;Nóbrega and Rosa, 2007;Lynch et al 2008;Aleixo et al 2009;de Souza and Casella, 2009;Lynch et al 2009;Melamed, 2009;Diniz et al 2011;Mattos et al 2011). Even though toxoplasmosis can affect any part of the eye, retinochoroiditis is its hallmark (Silveira et al 1989;Hayashi et al 1997;Holland et al 1999;Silveira et al 2001;Silveira, 2002;Yamamoto et al 2003;Eckert et al 2007;Oréfice et al 2007;Lynch et al 2008;Commodaro et al 2009;Melamed et al 2009;Bottós et al 2009;B...…”

Prevalence of chorioretinal scars in angiographics exams

“…In 1997, 21 of the 109 individuals examined were considered seropositive, and two of the 21 individuals (9.5%) developed retinal injuries highly suggestive of ocular toxoplasmosis (17) . In a survey of the rural population in the south of Rio de Janeiro, in the city of Barra Mansa, the prevalence of retinal injuries suggestive of toxoplasmosis was 5.8% in patients with seropositivity to IgG anti Toxoplasma gondii, and 3.8% in the general population (18) . In Venda Nova do Imigrante/ES, of the 1074 patients examined, 11.27% presented ocular injuries compatible with ocular toxoplasmosis (12) , being the percentage found lower than that of Erechim/RS, and greater than that found in Cascavel/PR.…”

Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the interferon gamma gene are associated with distinct types of retinochoroidal scar lesions presumably caused by Toxoplasma gondii infection

“…Type A retinochoroidal scar lesions are universally acknowledged as being related to toxoplasmosis ( Aleixo et al 2009 , Bahia-Oliveira et al 2009 , 2012 , Dutra et al 2013 ) and can arise from either congenital or postnatally acquired infection ( Glasner et al 1992 ). However, the mode of acquisition (congenital or postnatally acquired) cannot be established except in the cases with confirmed congenital infection and where the lesion has been monitored since birth or the first years of the child’s life.…”