Fauna de flebotomíneos (Diptera: Psychodidae) em um foco de leishmaniose tegumentar americana na área periurbana de Manaus, Estado do Amazonas

Abstract

No período de agosto de 2001 a julho de 2002, usando armadilhas CDC e Disney, realizaram-se coletas de flebotomíneos, na base de árvores no peridomicílio e nas matas da Comunidade São João, área periurbana de Manaus, Amazonas. Foram capturados 4.104 espécimes, pertencentes a quatro subtribos, 13 gêneros e 49 espécies da subfamília Phlebotominae. Predominou a subtribo Psychodopygina com 3.403 (83%) espécimes, destacando-se Nyssomyia umbratilis, Nyssomyia anduzei, Trichophoromyia eurypyga, Bichromomyia olmeca nociva e Bichromomyia flaviscutellata. O registro de Nyssomyia umbratilis e Nyssomyia anduzei, incriminadas como vetoras de Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis, e de Bichromomyia flaviscutellata e Bichromomyia olmeca nociva, de Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis, indicam risco de infecção para os moradores da área. A grande maioria (98,5%) dos flebotomíneos foi capturada na área de mata. Nyssomyia anduzei e Bichromomyia olmeca nociva foram coletadas no peridomicílio. A riqueza de espécies vetoras de Leishmania nessa área revela a necessidade de uma vigilância entomológica constante.

Sustained Presence of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Urban Manaus, the Largest Human Settlement in the Amazon

“…17 The study reported that the local phlebotomine fly population is composed of almost 50 different species of sand flies. Fewer than 2% of the species could be found in peridomiciles, in contrast to 98.5% that could be found within the forested area.…”

“…Thus the local population could be exposed to this vector, and thus have the risk of acquiring L. (V.) guyanensis infection, particularly at dawn, night, and/or dusk because of the biting habits of this phlebotomine species. 17 Ironically, an early report in 1989 raised the concern that there might be urbanization of leishmaniasis in (then) recent settlements built along the northern edge of Manaus. These neighborhoods housed the rapidly growing population of migrants, which were incoming to fulfill the developing industrial district of Manaus.…”

Description of a new phlebotomine species (Diptera: Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) and new records of sand flies from the State of Acre, northern Brazil

“…However, as Assis Brasil borders Bolivia, it is probable that L. dreisbachi will also be found in the latter. Lutzomyia andersoni was recorded for the first time in Brazil in the State of Mato Grosso (Missawa & Maciel 2007) and the State of Amazonas (Barbosa et al 2008). We suspect that it is probably a widely distributed species in the Amazon Basin.…”

American cutaneous leishmaniasis cases in the metropolitan region of Manaus, Brazil: association with climate variables over time

“…This disagrees with the idea that CL would become less important as cities developed eliminating vector habitats and natural outbreaks (Pessoa and Barreto, 1948). Out of the 610,256 CL cases registered in Brazil from 1980 to 2005, 37% were in northern Brazil with 22.4% in the State of Amazonas (Barbosa et al, 2008). During the last few years, the number of CL cases in the State of Amazonas increased significantly, mainly due to the agricultural use of areas previously occupied by dense tropical forest (Guerra et al, 1998;Barbosa et al, 2008 period.…”