Diagnóstico laboratorial da raiva na região oeste do Estado de São Paulo

Abstract

RESUMOO laboratório do Pólo da Alta Sorocabana, Presidente Prudente, SP e Instituto Biológico de São Paulo, SP, realizaram avaliação do diagnóstico laboratorial da raiva no período de 1996 a 2003 na região oeste do Estado de São Paulo. Para tal, se fez uso dos testes de imunofluorescência direta e prova biológica (inoculação em camundongos) em 4.950 amostras encaminhadas para análise envolvendo as espécies canina, felina, bovina, quiróptera (morcego) e outras (eqüina, caprina, suína e roedores). Detectou-se a presença de 74 amostras positivas, sendo que destas, 58 (78,4%) foram referentes a quirópteros não hematófagos e 16 (21,6%) para bovinos. O presente estudo epidemiológico constatou que, apesar do alto índice de positividade nos quirópteros, não houve um surto de raiva nestas espécies na região de Presidente Prudente no período estudado, porque o aumento no índice de positividade foi decorrente do significativo aumento de amostras de quirópteros encaminhadas ao laboratório para pesquisa do vírus rábico. Palavras-chaves: Raiva. Diagnóstico laboratorial. Vigilância epidemiológica. ABSTRACTThe Pólo da Alta Sorocabana laboratory, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil, and the Biological Institute in São Paulo State, performed an evaluation of rabies diagnosis from 1996 to 2003 in the west region of São Paulo State. For the tests, the laboratories used direct immunofluorescence and mice inoculation in 4,950 samples, that were sent for analysis involving dogs, cats, cattle, chiroptera (bats) and other animals. According to the results, the laboratories found 74 positive samples; of which 58 (78.4%)were non-hematophagous bats and 16 (21.6%) related to cattle. The present epidemiological study verified that in spite of the high positive index in chiroptera compared to the other species, there was not an outbreak of rabies in the species in the region of Presidente Prudente, from 1996 to 2003 but a rise in the positive index due to a marked increase in the number of chiroptera samples sent to the laboratories for virus rabies research.

Os morcegos e a raiva na região oeste do Estado de São Paulo

“…Nos últimos anos, os casos de raiva em morcegos tem aumentado em São Paulo e outros estados do Brasil 3,[18][19][20] . Segundo Sodré cols 20 , a nova lista de morcegos positivos para raiva consiste de 41 espécies pertencentes a 25 gêneros e três famílias: Phyllostomidae (43,9%), Vespertilionidae (29,3%) e Molossidae (26,8%).…”

Spatio-temporal study of diagnosis of rabies in vampire bats in Sergipe (Brazil), between 1987 to 2014

“…The recent bat's compliance to the urban areas indicates an important and necessary updating of the actual rabies control programme adopted by the Brazilian government, it refers especially be concerning among the herbivores species, since the research of the virus presence in hematophagous bats may no longer be sufficient and efficiently in the viruses monitoring of the disease in the rural environment. Studies have already demonstrated the presence of rabies virus in non-hematophagous bats, as observed by Albas et al (2005), that detected the presence of 74 positive samples, of which 58 (78.4%) were non-hematophagous bats in the region of Presidente Prudente, SP, in period 1996 to 2003. In their study Casagrande et al (2014) found that the hematophagous bats did not have the virus, but the antibodies, while the nonhematophagous bats were those that had the circulating virus, proving once again that nonhematophagous bats are important for the maintenance of rabies in the environment.…”

Circulation of the rabies virus in non-hematophagous bats in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, during 2001-2010

“…Such a situation occurred in Brazil for a case that occurred and was confirmed in July 2001, in Dracena City, State of São Paulo, in which a woman died from rabies following infection with a variant 3 virus. The reporting of this case by the media led to a rise in the number of bats sent for diagnosis 15 . The large number of Chiropteran bats has more chances to be detected in densely populated locations, which increases the chances of encountering rabid or even dead bats, such as in Rio de Janeiro, the most populous City of the state, with an estimated population of over 6 million inhabitants 18 .…”

“…In the national literature, several studies conducted in the State of São Paulo report higher numbers of animals sent for diagnosis. During 1997-2003, Albas et al 15 reported the analysis of 3,552 bats from the west region of São Paulo, with 1.6% of the bats being positive, although they did not distinguish between hematophagous and non-hematophagous bats. In 2006, Cunha et al 16 analyzed the presence of rabies virus in 7,393 animals, with 1.3% positivity in non-hematophagous bats.…”