Highly aggressive squamous cell carcinoma in an HIV-infected patient

Abstract

ABSTRACT

British HIV Association guidelines for HIV‐associated malignancies 2014

“…Immunochemotherapy has significantly improved outcome in the HIV-negative setting, and a number of reports suggest that the overall risk of CNS relapse has decreased with the addition of rituximab to CHOP chemotherapy [83][84][85] although this has not been detected in all reports [86]. This observation supports the hypothesis that CNS relapse is less likely to occur if there is improved control of systemic disease.…”

“…In the pre-HAART era, several chemotherapeutic agents (bleomycin, vinblastine, vincristine and etoposide) were shown to have activity against KS in case series and small Phase II trials using different combinations and doses of these drugs [84][85][86][87][88]. However, liposomal anthracyclines and taxanes have become established as the backbone of current standard systemic cytotoxic therapy against KS.…”

“…The identification of patients at risk of CNS relapse remains inconclusive [23]; however, data from immunocompetent individuals suggest that advanced stage, elevated serum LDH and extranodal disease [87] and involvement of specific anatomical sites such as: testes [88,89], paranasal sinuses [90], paraspinal disease, breast [91], renal [84], epidural space [92] and bone [93,94], predict a higher likelihood of CNS relapse.…”

“…Squamous cell carcinoma may present atypically, at a younger age, at unusual not classically sun-exposed cutaneous sites (e.g., the nail fold), affect the mouth, genitalia and perineum, and be multifocal and aggressive with a high risk of recurrence and metastasis with a high mortality [82][83][84][85][86].…”

Reverse masquerade syndrome: Fungal adnexal infection mimicking carcinoma in a HIV-positive patient

“…A total of 5-10% of all cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas in AIDS occurs in eye lid. [ 4 ] Clinically, it looks like a painless, nodular, plaque-like lesion. Chronic scaling, fissuring of skin, or central ulceration is frequently present.…”