Doenças exantemáticas e primeira epidemia de dengue ocorrida em Manaus, Amazonas, no período de 1998-1999

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Introduction:In Manaus, the first autochthonous cases of dengue fever were registered in 1998. Since then, dengue cases were diagnosed by the isolation of viruses 1, 2, 3, and 4. Methods: One hundred eighty-seven mosquitoes were collected with BioGents (BG)-Sentinel traps in 15 urban residential areas in the Northern Zone of Manaus and processed by molecular tests. Results: Infections with dengue viruses 1, 2, 3, and 4 and a case of co-infection with dengue viruses 2 and 3 were identified. Conclusions: These findings corroborate the detection of dengue in clinical samples and reinforce the need for epidemiological surveillance by the Health authorities.Keywords: Aedes aegypti. Dengue. Virus. Molecular tests.Manaus, Amazonas (AM) was infested by Aedes aegypti in 1996 and the first autochthonous cases of dengue fever were registered in March 1998 1 . Since then, dengue fever cases were diagnosed in the following years with the isolation of dengue viruses (DENV) 1, 2, 3, and 4 in 2008 2 . In the present work, all 4 serotypes of the virus were detected in naturally infected A. aegypti by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the amplicon sequence of DENV-4 was analyzed, and these findings were corroborated with the detection of DENV-4 in clinical samples of patients residing in the northern zone of Manaus, AM.A total of 187 mosquitoes were collected with BioGents (BG)-Sentinel traps 3 from January 2009 to June 2010 in 15 urban residential areas in the northern zone of Manaus, AM, Brazil. Sixty BG-Sentinel traps (4 traps in each of the 15 areas) were installed in each area every 2 weeks for a 24-h time period. The captured mosquitoes were identified and sexed. Cephalothoraxes of A. aegypti were separated for each area and each collection date in 2-mL Eppendorf cups (pool size: 1-10 mosquitoes) and maintained at -70°C until analysis.The pooled samples were pulverized and macerated on ice with 300mL Trizol reagent (Invitrogen,Brazil). Viral RNA extraction was performed according to the manufacturer's instructions and reverse transcription was performed using Superscript III (Invitrogen, Brazil) and random primers. Based on the previously described protocol 4 , semi-nested PCR was conducted to amplify a region of the viral genome that contains the capsid-premembrane (C-prM) genes, with primers designed to amplify 119-bp DENV-2, 290-bp DENV-3, and 392-bp DENV-4. The generated amplicon of DENV-4 was sequenced in both directions using the BigDye Terminator cycle sequence kit (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA).Of the total of 187 pools of Aedes aegypti that were processed between August 2009 and July 2010, which each contained 10 females, 1 pool was positive for DENV-1, 4 pools were positive for DENV-2, 3 were positive for DENV-3, and 2 were positive for DENV-4. One pool was co-infected with DENV-2 and 3. The obtained sequence DENV-4 was submitted to a basic local alignment search tool (BLAST; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.entrez) analysis, which uses the megablast algorithm optimized for ...

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confidence: 99%

Identification of dengue viruses in naturally infected Aedes aegypti females captured with BioGents (BG)-Sentinel traps in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil

Figueiredo

Mourão

Abi-Abib

et al. 2013

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“…A cidade atualmente é umas das mais ricas da região norte em decorrência da exploração de petróleo e gás natural pela Petrobrás na bacia de Urucu. Quando observada a incidência da doença nos anos de 2008 e 2009, percebe-se que no primeiro ano, período do surto epidêmico na cidade, o padrão de sazonalidade não acompanhou o representado na região e no restante do país, o qual indica que os cinco primeiros meses do ano correspondem ao período mais quente e úmido, típico para proliferação do mosquito e aumento de casos de dengue 12,18 .…”

unclassified

Dengue: aspectos epidemiológicos e o primeiro surto ocorrido na região do Médio Solimões, Coari, Estado do Amazonas, no período de 2008 a 2009

Costa

Santos

Conceição

et al. 2011

RESUMOIntrodução: A dengue é uma das doenças infecciosas mais frequentes no Brasil e um dos principais problemas de saúde pública no mundo, principalmente em regiões tropicais e subtropicais, com 2,5 a 3 bilhões de pessoas expostas ao risco de serem infectadas atualmente. Deste modo, o presente estudo teve como objetivo demonstrar as características epidemiológicas dos indivíduos acometidos por dengue, sua prevalência e seu processo epidêmico na região ABSTRACT Introduction:Dengue is one of the most prevalent infectious diseases in Brazil and is a major public health problem worldwide. It is most prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions with 2.5 to 3 billion people at risk of becoming infected. Thus, this study sought to demonstrate the epidemiological characteristics of individuals affected by dengue, its prevalence and its epidemic process in the Middle Solimões region of Coari in the state of Amazonas between 2008 and 2009. Methods: Epidemiological data were obtained through epidemiological monitoring by the Municipal Health Facility of the city of Coari, AM. The variables analyzed were the month of notification, the number of confirmed cases, the cases' genders, the cases' ages and their neighborhoods of residence. Results: In total, 1,003 cases were reported (635 in 2008 and 368 in 2009), and 639 cases were diagnosed as positive. Of these, +54% involved female subjects, and +46% were male. The majority of the affected individuals were between 10 and 49 years of age, and the spatial distribution was concentrated in neighborhoods near streams, lakes and areas in which housing had recently been disrupted. Conclusions: We concluded that, during the period studied, there was an outbreak of dengue in the City of Coari, AM. However, it is possible that a dengue epidemic may have occurred earlier in Coari without proper diagnosis or follow-up and that previously infected individuals may have traveled to the capital of Amazonas (Manaus), where the virus has circulated since 1998. Keywords: Dengue. Epidemic outbreak. Coari. Amazonas.A dengue é uma das doenças infecciosas mais frequentes no Brasil e um dos principais problemas de saúde pública no mundo, principalmente em regiões tropicais e subtropicais. Apresenta quadro clínico de início repentino e amplo, variando desde formas oligossintomáticas (infecção inaparente) e sintomáticas (dengue clássica) até quadros graves com hemorragias (febre hemorrágica da dengue -FHD) e choque (síndrome do choque da dengue -SCD) 1 . Etiologicamente, seu agente causador é um vírus pertencente à família flaviviridae com genoma RNA e quatro sorotipos conhecidos (DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3 e DEN-4) 2 . Sua transmissão é feita pelo mosquito Aedes aegypti, principal vetor, que em geral utiliza recipientes artificiais para proliferação vetorial, tornando essa espécie predominantemente urbana 3 .

“…Este mosquito está adaptado a se reproduzir nos ambientes doméstico, peridoméstico e faz sua oviposição em depósitos artificiais de água. Na Cidade de Manaus, o Aedes aegypti foi encontrado pela primeira vez em novembro de 1996 e em março de 1998 ocorreu a primeira epidemia de dengue, na qual foram detectados os sorotipos DENV 1 e DENV 2 13 . Em 2002, foi isolado pela primeira vez o DENV 3, a partir daí outros casos de DENV 3 foram diagnosticados por isolamento viral 1 .…”

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Detecção e tipagem de vírus dengue em Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) na Cidade de Manaus, Estado do Amazonas

Costa

Santos

Barbosa

2009

O estudo teve por objetivo a detecção e tipagem do vírus dengue, nos vetores Aedes aegypti. Durante o período de dezembro de 2005 a dezembro de 2006, foram coletados 8.984 mosquitos, em 46 bairros da Cidade de Manaus abrangendo todas as zonas geográficas da cidade. Destes, 819 eram Aedes aegypti (414 fêmeas e 405 machos). As fêmeas de Aedes aegypti foram agrupadas em pools de 1 a 10 mosquitos totalizando 138 pools, sendo que 111 pools foram positivos para DENV 3. Porém, um pool mostrou-se positivo para dois sorotipos, DENV 1 e DENV 3. A prevalência de Aedes aegypti infectados com DENV 3, na Cidade de Manaus foi de 53%. Entretanto, a prevalência por zona foi de 70% no Centro-oeste, 60% no Sul, 53% no Oeste, 47% no Centro-Sul, 30% no Norte e 23% na zona Leste. O monitoramento da circulação viral em mosquitos com o uso da técnica da transcrição reversa-reação da polimerase em cadeia que permite o conhecimento prévio dos níveis de disseminação viral em determinadas áreas contribuindo para determinar os locais para aplicar as medidas de prevenção e controle.