Canine rabies epidemiology in Araçatuba and neighborhood, Northwestern São Paulo State - Brazil

Abstract

Epidemiological characteristics of canine rabies in the northwest region of São Paulo State (Araçatuba region), Brazil, from 1993Brazil, from to 1997

Correlation of Symptoms with Intravitam Confirmed Rabid Cases by Molecular Approaches

“…The presence of behavioral change was observed in less number of cases in contrast to findings of another study [8] which reported aggressive behavior in 77% of rabid dogs. While late phase sign, salivation was second most observed clinical sign observed in animals.…”

Epidemiologic Trends of Rabies in Domestic Animals in Southern Thailand, 1994–2008

“…23 Interestingly, in a study of dog ecology and rabies in Mexicali, Mexico, dogs 3-11 months of age had a three times higher risk of being nonvaccinated than dogs ≥ 1 year of age. 24 Previous studies showed that owned dogs in Bangkok, Thailand 21 and Sao Paulo, Brazil 25 were more likely to have rabies than stray dogs. However, in this study, the odds of rabies were not significantly different between these two groups of dogs.…”

“…In addition, owned dogs are often not restrained and are allowed to roam freely in developing countries. 25,26 Therefore, owned dogs can be equally at risk for contracting rabies compared with stray dogs. A previous study reported that the sex ratio of rabid dogs in Thailand was 60% male and 32% female.…”

“…A previous study in Brazil reported that aggressive behavior was the most frequent sign (77%), followed by limb paralysis (42%), change in voice (30%), and jaw paralysis with excessive salivation (26%). 25 In our retrospective study, we identified six of seven clinical characteristics (behavioral changes, aggression, pharyngeal paralysis, body paralysis, anorexia, and hyperactivity) commonly associated with rabies. Among these clinical signs, aggression was the most significant variable because aggressive dogs were 11 times more likely to be rabid than non-aggressive dogs.…”

“…In contrast, because dogs are more likely to live outdoors and most can roam free during the day, they are more often in contact with rabid dogs. 14,25,26 Although multivariate analysis could not be used to interpret the association between the risk factors for rabies in cats, three variables showed significant associations by univariate analysis. The univariate model suggests that cat rabies was most often of the furious form because aggression and hyperactivity were highly associated with the odds of cats being rabid.…”