Inquérito sorológico para a infecção por Toxoplasma gondii em ameríndios isolados, Mato Grosso

Amendoeira, Maria Regina Reis; Sobral, Cleide A.; Têva, Antônio; Lima, Josué Nazareno de; Klein, Carlos Henrique

doi:10.1590/s0037-86822003000600005

Cited by 30 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The high seropositivity in captive wild felids suggests that they have already shed oocysts and contaminated the zoo environment. In isolated Amerindians, Mato Grosso, 80•4% of 148 people surveyed had T. gondii antibodies (Amendoeira et al 2003). These people live on a large area with little contact with non-Indians, do not have pet cats, and do not eat meat.…”

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confidence: 99%

Toxoplasmosis in humans and animals in Brazil: high prevalence, high burden of disease, and epidemiology

et al. 2012

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SUMMARYInfections by the protozoan parasiteToxoplasma gondiiare widely prevalent in humans and animals in Brazil. The burden of clinical toxoplasmosis in humans is considered to be very high. The high prevalence and encouragement of the Brazilian Government provides a unique opportunity for international groups to study the epidemiology and control of toxoplasmosis in Brazil. Many early papers on toxoplasmosis in Brazil were published in Portuguese and often not available to scientists in English-speaking countries. In the present paper we review prevalence, clinical spectrum, molecular epidemiology, and control ofT. gondiiin humans and animals in Brazil. This knowledge should be useful to biologists, public health workers, veterinarians, and physicians. Brazil has a very high rate ofT. gondiiinfection in humans. Up to 50% of elementary school children and 50–80% of women of child-bearing age have antibodies toT. gondii. The risks for uninfected women to acquire toxoplasmosis during pregnancy and fetal transmission are high because the environment is highly contaminated with oocysts. The burden of toxoplasmosis in congenitally infected children is also very high. From limited data on screening of infants forT. gondiiIgM at birth, 5–23 children are born infected per 10 000 live births in Brazil. Based on an estimate of 1 infected child per 1000 births, 2649 children with congenital toxoplasmosis are likely to be born annually in Brazil. Most of these infected children are likely to develop symptoms or signs of clinical toxoplasmosis. Among the congenitally infected children whose clinical data are described in this review, several died soon after birth, 35% had neurological disease including hydrocephalus, microcephaly and mental retardation, 80% had ocular lesions, and in one report 40% of children had hearing loss. The severity of clinical toxoplasmosis in Brazilian children may be associated with the genetic characteristics ofT. gondiiisolates prevailing in animals and humans in Brazil.

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confidence: 99%

Toxoplasmosis in humans and animals in Brazil: high prevalence, high burden of disease, and epidemiology

et al. 2012

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“…Em função da não observância de diferença significativa na população de felinos, a prevalência de toxoplasmose em equinos em diferentes regiões aqui relatada, parece estar associada a fatores ambientais tais como umidade, temperatura e altitude (Gazêta et al 1997) que interferem na sobrevivência dos oocistos no ambiente por um longo período (Villena et al 2004), e consequentemente a ocorrência da infecção (Amendoeira et al 2003).…”

Section: Quadro 2 Fatores De Risco Associados à Infecção Por Toxoplaunclassified

Soroprevalência de Toxoplasma gondii em equídeos do Nordeste do Brasil

et al. 2018

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RESUMO.-Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar a soroprevalência da toxoplasmose em equídeos mantidos em diferentes formas de manejo no estado de Pernambuco. Para tanto, um total de 400 amostras de soro sanguíneo de equídeos clinicamente saudáveis foram analisados através do teste de aglutinação modificado (MAT) considerando-se cut-off de 1:25. Dados referentes às características dos animais e dos rebanhos, sistema de criação, presença de outros animais, idade, sexo, raça, aptidão, condição física foram coletados por meio de questionários investigativos. Anticorpos IgG anti-Toxoplasma gondii foram detectados em 12,5% (50/400) dos animais analisados. Dos 12 municípios estudados, houve positividade em 91,67% (11/12) com variação entre 4,4% e 33,3%. Quando avaliados os fatores de risco, apenas o fator mesorregião (p=0,029) apresentou associação com a infecção, particularmente Zona da Mata (OR=3), seguida de Região Metropolitana do Recife (OR=2,2), Agreste (OR=1,7) e Sertão (OR=1). Os resultados revelam a presença do parasito na área estudada, o que pode representar um elo na cadeia de transmissão da toxoplasmose a qual tem repercussão em saúde pública tendo em vista que o Brasil é o oitavo maior exportador de carne equina do mundo. This paper reports seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in horses kept in different forms of breeding system in the state of Pernambuco. For that, 400 blood serum samples from clinically healthy horses were analyzed through the test of modified agglutination (MAT) considering cut-off of 1:25. Data related to the characteristics of the animals and herds, breeding system, presence of other animals, age, gender, breed, aptitude, and physical conditions were collected throughout investigative surveys. IgG anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies were detected in 12.5% (50/400) of the analyzed animals. In the 12 studied towns, there was a positivity in 91. 67% (11/12) with a variation between 4% and 33.3%. When the risk factors were evaluated, only the mesoregion factor (p=0.029) had an association with the infection, particularly the Zona da Mata region (OR=3), followed by the Recife Metropolitan Area (OR=2.2), Agreste region (OR=1.7) and Sertão region (OR=1). The results shows the presence of the parasites on the studied area, which may represent a link with the transmission chain of toxoplasmosis which has influence on the public health system, considering that Brazil is the eighth greatest exporter of equine meat in the world.

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“…In Austria, where newborn toxoplasmosis surveillance was introduced in 1975, a study of pregnant women showed a 30% seroprevalence [8]. In Brazil, several descriptive studies show different serologic seroprevalences: in the mid-west and north, 54 and 75% respectively [9]; 80.4% in an indigenous group in the state of Mato Grosso [10] and from 66 to 75% in rural populations in the south (state of Paraná) [11]; from 77.5 to 58.9% soroprevalence among pregnant women in an urban region of São Paulo [12]; from 23 to 84% in Campos dos Goytacazes (northern Rio de Janeiro State, in the Brazilian southeast) [13] and 68.4% among primary school students in the city of Rio de Janeiro [14]. A progressive rise in seropositivity with age has been seen in children, adolescents and pregnant women in Fortaleza (northeast Brazil), ranging from 22.8 to 71.5% [15]; also in the Northeast, in the city of Recife, a seroprevalence of 79% for men and 63.4% for women was found among blood donors [16].…”

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Postnatal acquired toxoplasmosis patients in an infectious diseases reference center

Silva¹,

Neves²,

Benchimol³

et al. 2008

Braz J Infect Dis

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Infection caused by Toxoplasma gondii, toxoplasmosis, is one of the most frequent zoonoses in the world; it normally affects both genders equally. Humans are one of several possible intermediate hosts, and the disease is oligosymptomatic in most cases. Vertical transmission is an important cause of fetal malformation and sequels in newborns. Approximately 10% of postnatal cases present multiple manifestations, ranging from low fever and mild lymphadenopathy to severe encephalitis. In moderate cases, lesions such as retinochoroiditis may emerge during acute infection or even years later. We analyzed 313 cases of toxoplasmosis from 1992 to 2004, including 261 acute cases. Most patients were women (68.1%), and 39% of these were pregnant. Among acute infection cases, 64.8% presented symptomatic disease; the most frequent manifestations were lymphadenomegaly (59.8%), fever (27.2%), headache (10.7%), asthenia (10%), weight loss (8.4%), myalgia (8%), retinochoroiditis (3.4%) and hepatosplenomegaly (1.5%). Although ocular lesions by T. gondii are well documented as a possible consequence of postnatal infection, two patients developed retinochoroiditis only two years after primary infection. This demonstrates the need for toxoplasmosis case surveillance, even long after acute manifestations.

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Inquérito sorológico para a infecção por Toxoplasma gondii em ameríndios isolados, Mato Grosso

Cited by 30 publications

References 6 publications

Toxoplasmosis in humans and animals in Brazil: high prevalence, high burden of disease, and epidemiology

Toxoplasmosis in humans and animals in Brazil: high prevalence, high burden of disease, and epidemiology

Soroprevalência de Toxoplasma gondii em equídeos do Nordeste do Brasil

Postnatal acquired toxoplasmosis patients in an infectious diseases reference center

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