Control of intestinal helminths in schoolchildren in Low-Napo, Ecuador: impact of a two-year chemotherapy program

Sebastián, Miguel San; Santi, Sílvia Maria Di

doi:10.1590/s0037-86822000000100010

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…Four studies evaluated the effect of non‐periodic selective treatment with mebendazole, that is, just one round of treatment (see Table ) (San Sebastian & Santi ; Albonico et al . ; Ndenecho et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of periodic selective mebendazole treatment on soil‐transmitted helminth infections in Cuban schoolchildren

Werff

Vereecken

Laan³

et al. 2014

Tropical Med Int Health

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Abstractobjective To evaluate the impact of periodic selective treatment with 500 mg mebendazole on soiltransmitted helminth (STH) infections in Cuban schoolchildren.methods We followed up a cohort of 268 STH-positive schoolchildren, aged 5-14 years at baseline, at six-month intervals for two years and a final follow-up after three years. Kato-Katz stool examination was used to detect infections with Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and hookworm. Common risk factors related to STHs were assessed by parental questionnaire.results A significant reduction in the number of STH infections was obtained after three years with the highest reduction for T. trichiura (87.8%) and the lowest for hookworm (57.9%). After six months, cure rates (CRs) were 76.9% for A. lumbricoides, 67.4% for T. trichiura and 44.4% for hookworm. After two treatment rounds, more than 75% of all STH-positive children at baseline were cured, but with important differences between STH species (95.2% for A. lumbricoides, 80.5% for T. trichiura and 76.5% for hookworm). At the end of the study, these cumulative CRs were almost 100% for all three STHs. Risk factors for STHs were sex, sanitary disposal and habit of playing in the soil.conclusions Our results indicate that periodic selective treatment with 500 mg mebendazole is effective in reducing the number of STH infections in Cuban schoolchildren. Although important differences were found between helminth species, two rounds of treatment appeared sufficient to obtain substantial reductions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The other three studies, one in adults and children (Zani et al . ) and two in children (San Sebastian & Santi ; Ndenecho et al . ), evaluated the regime of 100 mg twice daily for three days.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of periodic selective mebendazole treatment on soil‐transmitted helminth infections in Cuban schoolchildren

Werff

Vereecken

Laan³

et al. 2014

Tropical Med Int Health

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“…Approximately 40% of Shuar children are stunted, a higher prevalence than is found in other indigenous and non-indigenous children living in the same area [27]. Although we know of no studies examining helminth infections in the Shuar, recent studies report infection rates of around 50% in other Amazonian Ecuadorian populations, with Ascaris the most prevalent parasite [28], [29]. Shuar data were collected as part of the Shuar Life History Project (www.bonesandbehavior.org/shuar) in a village that has been previously described [18].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for a Peak Shift in a Humoral Response to Helminths: Age Profiles of IgE in the Shuar of Ecuador, the Tsimane of Bolivia, and the U.S. NHANES

et al. 2011

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BackgroundThe peak shift model predicts that the age-profile of a pathogen's prevalence depends upon its transmission rate, peaking earlier in populations with higher transmission and declining as partial immunity is acquired. Helminth infections are associated with increased immunoglobulin E (IgE), which may convey partial immunity and influence the peak shift. Although studies have noted peak shifts in helminths, corresponding peak shifts in total IgE have not been investigated, nor has the age-patterning been carefully examined across populations. We test for differences in the age-patterning of IgE between two South American forager-horticulturalist populations and the United States: the Tsimane of Bolivia (n = 832), the Shuar of Ecuador (n = 289), and the U.S. NHANES (n = 8,336). We then examine the relationship between total IgE and helminth prevalences in the Tsimane.Methodology/Principal FindingsTotal IgE levels were assessed in serum and dried blood spots and age-patterns examined with non-linear regression models. Tsimane had the highest IgE (geometric mean = 8,182 IU/ml), followed by Shuar (1,252 IU/ml), and NHANES (52 IU/ml). Consistent with predictions, higher population IgE was associated with steeper increases at early ages and earlier peaks: Tsimane IgE peaked at 7 years, Shuar at 10 years, and NHANES at 17 years. For Tsimane, the age-pattern was compared with fecal helminth prevalences. Overall, 57% had detectable eggs or larva, with hookworm (45.4%) and Ascaris lumbricoides (19.9%) the most prevalent. The peak in total IgE occurred around the peak in A. lumbricoides, which was associated with higher IgE in children <10, but with lower IgE in adolescents.ConclusionsThe age-patterning suggests a peak shift in total IgE similar to that seen in helminth infections, particularly A. lumbricoides. This age-patterning may have implications for understanding the effects of helminths on other health outcomes, such as allergy, growth, and response to childhood vaccination.

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“…Although we know of no studies examining helminth infections in the Shuar, recent studies report infection rates of around 50% in other comparable Ecuadorian populations, with Ascaris the most prevalent helminth. These include children in rainforest villages on the western side of the Andes (Sackey et al, 2003) and Napo Runa children from the Rio Napo area in northwestern Amazonas (San Sebastian and Santi, 1999, 2000).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life history, immune function, and intestinal helminths: Trade‐offs among immunoglobulin E, C‐reactive protein, and growth in an Amazonian population

Blackwell

Snodgrass

Madimenos

et al. 2010

American J Hum Biol

114

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Objectives Infection with helminths is associated with shifts in host immunity, including increased production of immunoglobulin E (IgE) and reduced inflammation. Given limited energy budgets, these shifts may involve changes in energy allocation toward competing demands. Here we test for potential trade-offs between growth, IgE, and the inflammatory marker C-reactive protein (CRP). Methods Dried blood spots and anthropometrics were collected from 162 Shuar forager-horticulturalists from a village in southeastern Ecuador. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were used to measure IgE and CRP. Relationships among IgE, CRP, and anthropometrics were examined in three groups: children aged 2–7 years (n = 63), children aged 8–15 (n = 61), and adults over age 18 (n = 37). Results Geometric mean IgE was 1,196 IU ml−1 while geometric mean CRP was 1.33 mg l−1. In children, IgE and CRP were negatively correlated (r = −0.21, P = 0.02, df = 122). Controlling for fat stores and age, IgE was associated with lower stature in children (t = −2.04, P = 0.04, df = 109), and adults (t = −3.29, P < 0.01, df = 33). In children there was a significant interaction between age and CRP, such that in younger children CRP was associated with shorter stature, but in older children was associated with greater stature (t = 2.15, P = 0.04, df = 109). Conclusions These results suggest that infection with helminths may have hidden costs associated with immunological changes, and that these costs may ultimately affect growth and other life history parameters.

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Control of intestinal helminths in schoolchildren in Low-Napo, Ecuador: impact of a two-year chemotherapy program

Cited by 11 publications

References 4 publications

Impact of periodic selective mebendazole treatment on soil‐transmitted helminth infections in Cuban schoolchildren

Impact of periodic selective mebendazole treatment on soil‐transmitted helminth infections in Cuban schoolchildren

Evidence for a Peak Shift in a Humoral Response to Helminths: Age Profiles of IgE in the Shuar of Ecuador, the Tsimane of Bolivia, and the U.S. NHANES

Life history, immune function, and intestinal helminths: Trade‐offs among immunoglobulin E, C‐reactive protein, and growth in an Amazonian population

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