Progressos nas pesquisas de leishmaniose visceral na área endémica de Jacobina, Bahia 1934-1989

Badaró, Roberto

doi:10.1590/s0037-86821988000400001

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Similar findings were reported by other researchers [16] who found that 60.9% of the viscerotomies in patients with leishmaniasis were in children under 5 years old. Other researchers [17,18] found resembling data in Ceará (67%) and Bahia (75%).…”

Section: The Epidemiology and Ecology Of Leishmaniasis 20supporting

confidence: 70%

“…Researchers initially linked the illness to malnutrition. It is known that malnutrition weakens the defense mechanism, which predisposes to infectious diseases [18]. In an animal model infected with L. infantum/chagasi, it was found that low protein levels are associated with disease progression and lead to the severe form.…”

Section: The Epidemiology and Ecology Of Leishmaniasismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was also observed depletion of leucocytes, monocytes and granulocytes and CD4+ subpopulation. The inability to perform an efficient hematopoiesis influences the host's ability to combat infection [18].…”

Section: The Epidemiology and Ecology Of Leishmaniasismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is believed that the clinical expression of disease is linked to susceptibility of the host, genetics of the parasite, and vector-dependent factors [18]. Some individuals are unable to control the spread and multiplication of parasites, developing clinical manifestations of varying severity [18].…”

Section: The Epidemiology and Ecology Of Leishmaniasismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical Manifestations of Visceral Leishmaniasis (American Visceral Leishmaniasis)

Pedrosa¹

2017

The Epidemiology and Ecology of Leishmaniasis

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Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is the most severe form of leishmaniasis. It is endemic in tropical and subtropical countries and responsible for about 50,000 deaths annually. It is characterized by irregular fever, progressive pallor, spleen and liver growth, and consequent increase in abdominal volume, lymphadenopathy, anorexia, and weight loss. Some changes in epidermal structures can be observed such as dry, brittle and depigmented hair, while the eyelashes are long and silky, pale skin, and as the disease progresses may arise petechiae, ecchymosis, hemorrhagic suffusion, and sometimes jaundice. Edema appears very often, mainly in lower limbs. Hematologic changes are manifested by the reduction of all blood cells. Hypoalbuminemia is a frequent finding, while globulin increases. The patient suspected of having the disease is the one who has fever and splenomegaly. It is valuable to the diagnosis of epidemiological data, history of irregular fever, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and blood disorders such as pancytopenia and hypoalbuminemia. In the course of the disease, bacterial infections are established, especially in the respiratory tract, sometimes responsible for the death. VL is a consumptive disease that requires specific treatment as early as possible.

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Section: The Epidemiology and Ecology Of Leishmaniasis 20supporting

confidence: 70%

Section: The Epidemiology and Ecology Of Leishmaniasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Epidemiology and Ecology Of Leishmaniasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Epidemiology and Ecology Of Leishmaniasismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Clinical Manifestations of Visceral Leishmaniasis (American Visceral Leishmaniasis)

Pedrosa¹

2017

The Epidemiology and Ecology of Leishmaniasis

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“…The deficient production of IFN-γ after exposure to Leishmania antigen is one of the commonly reported factors and is associated with an increase in CD4+ Th cells expressing a Th2 cytokine profile (susceptibility), with the production of IL-4, IL-10 and TNF-α but not of IL-2 or IL-12 (8,(15)(16)(17)(18). The variation in the detectable levels of IL-10 and TNF-α observed in the present study for the acute form has also been described by others (19)(20)(21).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum cytokine profile in the subclinical form of visceral leishmaniasis

Gama

Costa

Pereira

et al. 2004

Braz J Med Biol Res

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The factors determining the development or not of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) have not been completely identified, but a Leishmaniaspecific cellular immune response seems to play a fundamental role in the final control of infection. Few studies are available regarding the production of cytokines in the subclinical form of VL, with only the production of IFN-γ and TNF-α known. The aim of the present study was to identify immunological markers for the oligosymptomatic or subclinical form of VL. A prospective cohort study was conducted on 784 children aged 0 to 5 years from an endemic area in the State of Maranhão, Brazil, between January 1998 and December 2001. During 30 consecutive months of follow-up, 33 children developed the oligosymptomatic form of the disease and 12 the acute form. During the clinical manifestations, serum cytokine levels were determined in 27 oligosymptomatic children and in nine patients with the acute form using a quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay. In the subclinical form of VL, variable levels of IL-2 were detected in 52.3% of the children, IL-12 in 85.2%, IFN-γ in 48.1%, IL-10 in 88.9%, and TNF-α in 100.0%, with the last two cytokines showing significantly lower levels than in the acute form. IL-4 was not detected in oligosymptomatic individuals. Multiple discriminant analysis used to determine the profile or combination of cytokines predominating in the subclinical form revealed both a Leishmania resistance (Th1) and susceptibility (Th2) profile. The detection of both Th1 and Th2 cytokine profiles explains the self-limited evolution accompanied by the discrete alterations observed for the subclinical form of VL.

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