The use of different concentrations of leishmanial antigen in skin testing to evaluate delayed hypersensitivity in american cutaneous leishmaniasis

Cuba, César Augusto Cuba; Marsden, Philip D.; Barretto, Air C.; Jones, Thomas C.; Richards, Frank O.

doi:10.1590/s0037-86821985000400004

Cited by 20 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Leishmania amazonensis MHOM/BR/75/Josefa strain was isolated from a human case of cutaneous leishmaniasis by Dr. Cesar A. Cuba, at University of Brasilia, Brazil ( Saraiva et al, 1983 ; Cuba et al, 1985 ). These promastigote parasites were maintained in Warren’s medium, consisting of brain heart infusion (Gibco ® ), hemin (Sigma–Aldrich ® ), and folic acid (Sigma–Aldrich ® ), pH 7.2, supplemented with 10% of fetal calf serum (FCS – Invitrogen ® ) and incubated at 25°C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of Early Autophagic Process on Leishmania amazonensis by Synergistic Effect of Miltefosine and Innovative Semi-synthetic Thiosemicarbazone

et al. 2017

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Drug combination therapy is a current trend to treat complex diseases. Many benefits are expected from this strategy, such as cytotoxicity decrease, retardation of resistant strains development, and activity increment. This study evaluated in vitro combination between an innovative thiosemicarbazone molecule – BZTS with miltefosine, a drug already consolidated in the leishmaniasis treatment, against Leishmania amazonensis. Cytotoxicity effects were also evaluated on macrophages and erythrocytes. Synergistic antileishmania effect and antagonist cytotoxicity were revealed from this combination therapy. Mechanisms of action assays were performed in order to investigate the main cell pathways induced by this treatment. Mitochondrial dysfunction generated a significant increase of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species production, causing severe cell injuries and promoting intense autophagy process and consequent apoptosis cell death. However, this phenomenon was not strong enough to promote dead in mammalian cell, providing the potential selective effect of the tested combination for the protozoa. Thus, the results confirmed that drugs involved in distinct metabolic routes are promising agents for drug combination therapy, promoting a synergistic effect.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of Early Autophagic Process on Leishmania amazonensis by Synergistic Effect of Miltefosine and Innovative Semi-synthetic Thiosemicarbazone

et al. 2017

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“…The volume of leishmanin injected during the LST is consistently 0.1 ml in previous studies, but the amount of leishmanin protein delivered by the injection is often inconsistent due to the different preparation techniques described above. The sensitivity of leishmanin plateaus near 100% as dose increases [37,41]. Also, size of induration increases as dose increases [27,42].…”

Section: Production and Storage Of Leishmaninmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the leishmanin skin test: A neglected test for a neglected disease

et al. 2021

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The leishmanin skin test (LST) has been used for decades to detect exposure and immunity to the parasite Leishmania, the causative agent of the neglected tropical disease leishmaniasis. In the LST, Leishmania antigen (leishmanin) is intradermally injected into the forearm. In an individual who has been previously infected, a delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction results in a measurable induration at the site of the injection, indicating that previous exposure to Leishmania has resulted in the development of cell-mediated immunity. LST positivity is associated with long-lasting protective immunity against reinfection, most notably as reported for visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Despite efforts over the past few decades, leishmanin antigen is no longer produced under good manufacturing practice (GMP) conditions anywhere in the world. Consequently, the use of the LST in epidemiological studies has declined in favor of serological and molecular tests. In this review, we provide a historical overview of the LST and justification for the reintroduction of leishmanin. A GMP-grade leishmanin can be used to detect immunity in vivo by the LST and can be investigated for use in an interferon-γ release assay (IGRA), which may serve as an in vitro version of the LST. The LST will be a valuable tool for surveillance and epidemiological studies in support of the VL elimination programs and as a surrogate marker of immunity in vaccine clinical trials. Methods A review of the literature was conducted using PubMed as the primary database, with MeSH terms “leishmanin skin test” OR “Montenegro test” OR “Montenegro skin test.” Articles written in English that describe the history or standardization of leishmanin, the use of leishmanin in an IGRA, or the use of the LST in epidemiological studies or vaccine trials were prioritized in our appraisal of the literature.

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“…L. amazonensis (strain WHOM/BR/75/JOSEFA) were isolated from a patient with diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis by Dr. Cesar A. Cuba (Universidade de Brasília, Brazil) (Cuba et al 1985). Promastigotes were cultured in Warren's medium (brain heart infusion, hemin, and folic acid; pH 7.0) supplemented with 10% inactivated FBS at 25 ºC.…”

Section: Parasite and Macrophage Maintenancementioning

confidence: 99%

Styrylpyrone, isolated from an Amazon plant, induces cell cycle arrest and autophagy in Leishmania amazonensis

Fernandes

Desoti

Dias

et al. 2020

Natural Product Research

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The search for bioactive compounds against diseases is imperative and the richness of the Amazon provides a large source to be explored. Current therapies for the treatment of parasitic infections have severe side effects and low efficacy, which makes the development of an effective chemotherapy extremely important. In this study, we describe the isolation of styrylpyrone 4-methoxy-6-(11,12-methylenedioxytrans-styryl)-2-pyrone (SP), from the Amazonian tree species, Aniba panurensis, the in vitro activity against Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes, and its in silico pharmacokinetics properties. The results showed morphological and ultrastructural alterations, cell cycle impairment, increased reactive oxygen species production, accumulation of lipid bodies and formation of autophagic vacuoles in SP-treated parasites. In silico studies revealed that the compound has a high drug-score, which is encouraging for further investigation. Our results indicate that SP is a promising drug candidate, which induces alterations in L. amazonensis leading to parasite death through cell cycle arrest and autophagy.

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The use of different concentrations of leishmanial antigen in skin testing to evaluate delayed hypersensitivity in american cutaneous leishmaniasis

Cited by 20 publications

References 7 publications

Induction of Early Autophagic Process on Leishmania amazonensis by Synergistic Effect of Miltefosine and Innovative Semi-synthetic Thiosemicarbazone

Induction of Early Autophagic Process on Leishmania amazonensis by Synergistic Effect of Miltefosine and Innovative Semi-synthetic Thiosemicarbazone

A review of the leishmanin skin test: A neglected test for a neglected disease

Styrylpyrone, isolated from an Amazon plant, induces cell cycle arrest and autophagy in Leishmania amazonensis

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