Potentially Pathogenic Free-Living Amoebae in Some Flood-Affected Areas During 2011 Chiang Mai Flood

Wannasan, Anchalee; Uparanukraw, Pichart; Songsangchun, Apichart; Morakote, Nimit

doi:10.1590/s0036-46652013000600007

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…However, incidence of AK in developing countries is often related with outdoor activities and risk exposures to dust, soil or water [1]. In Thailand, Acanthamoeba have been isolated from clinical and environmental samples [5,16–19]. Despite its ubiquity in the nature, less than 10 AK cases have been previously reported from Thailand [20], bringing up to the curiosity that the true AK incidence may be underestimated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Afterward, a sample of corneal re-scraping was subjected to Acanthamoeba culture. Monoxenic culture was performed on a 1.5% non-nutrient agar plate pre-coated with heat-inactivated Escherichia coli as previously described [5]. On the second day of incubation, a clear plaque on the bacteria lawn resulting from bacterial consuming by Acanthamoeba was clearly seen.…”

Section: Case Recordmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The First Acanthamoeba keratitis Case of Non-Contact Lens Wearer with HIV Infection in Thailand

et al. 2019

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Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) is a rare sight-threatening corneal infection, often reporting from contact lens wearers. An asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected Thai male without history of contact lens use complained foreign body sensation at his left eye during motorbike riding. He had neither specific keratitis symptoms nor common drugs responding, which contributed to delayed diagnosis. By corneal re-scraping, Acanthamoeba-like cysts were detected by calcofluor white staining and agar culture. The etiological agent obtained from the culture was molecularly confirmed by Acanthamoeba spp.-specific PCR, followed by DNA sequencing. The results from BLAST and phylogenetic analysis based on the DNA sequences, revealed that the pathogen was Acanthamoeba T4, the major genotype most frequently reported from clinical isolates. The infection was successfully treated with polyhexamethylene biguanide resulting in corneal scar. This appears the first reported AK case from a non-contact lens wearer with HIV infection in Thailand. Although AK is sporadic in developing countries, a role of free-living Acanthamoeba as an opportunistic pathogen should not be neglected. The report would increase awareness of AK, especially in the case presenting unspecific keratitis symptoms without clinical response to empirical antimicrobial therapy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Case Recordmentioning

confidence: 99%

The First Acanthamoeba keratitis Case of Non-Contact Lens Wearer with HIV Infection in Thailand

et al. 2019

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“…and Acanthamoeba spp. were identified by culture during the flood disaster in Chiang Mai, Thailand [ 35 ]. To date, this is the first report of the direct identification of N .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Rapid, Simple Method for Detecting Naegleria fowleri Visually in Water Samples by Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP)

et al. 2015

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Naegleria fowleri is the causative agent of the fatal disease primary amebic meningoencephalitis. Detection of N. fowleri using conventional culture and biochemical-based assays is time-consuming and laborious, while molecular techniques, such as PCR, require laboratory skills and expensive equipment. We developed and evaluated a novel loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay targeting the virulence-related gene for N. fowleri. Time to results is about 90 min and amplification products were easily detected visually using hydroxy naphthol blue. The LAMP was highly specific after testing against related microorganisms and able to detect one trophozoite, as determined with spiked water and cerebrospinal fluid samples. The assay was then evaluated with a set of 80 water samples collected during the flooding crisis in Thailand in 2011, and 30 natural water samples from border areas of northern, eastern, western, and southern Thailand. N. fowleri was detected in 13 and 10 samples using LAMP and PCR, respectively, with a Kappa coefficient of 0.855. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a LAMP assay for N. fowleri. Due to its simplicity, speed, and high sensitivity, the LAMP method described here might be useful for quickly detecting and diagnosing N. fowleri in water and clinical samples, particularly in resource-poor settings.

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“…During flood events, several types of microorganisms are present in the flood water, such as human enteric viruses (Ngaosuwankul et al, 2013), free-living amoebae (Wannasan et al, 2013), and bacteria (Chaturongkasumrit et al, 2013). Contaminated flood water indicated a high risk of health problems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Chaturongkasumrit et al, 2013). A study carried out in Chiang Mai, Thailand, in 2011, found that water samples collected from seven flood crisis areas in Chiang Mai were contaminated with free-living amoebae (Wannasan et al, 2013). Flood water samples collected from flood zones in central Thailand, in 2011, were contaminated with human enteric virusesnorovirus (14%), rotavirus (9%), and hepatitis A (7%) (Ngaosuwankul et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological trends in pathogens from the 2012 Thai flooding disaster

Suwanmanee¹,

Luplertlop²

2014

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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Fungi and bacteria in water samples taken from various flooded areas in Narathiwat Province, Thailand, were investigated. They were isolated by filtration from water samples, and identified by examining macroscopic and microscopic features for fungi and using biochemical methods for bacteria. Nine species of filamentous fungi and two yeast species were isolated. Water contaminated with dermatophytes contained Trichophyton mentagrophytes (44%), Trichophyton rubrum (19%) and Microsporum canis (15%). The yeast Candida albicans was also found (75.5%). Water samples were contaminated with fungi, identified as non-cutaneous mycoses. The dominant fungi were Aspergillus niger (73%), Cladosporium spp. (58%) and Aspergillus flavus (41%). Thirteen bacterial strains were isolated from the samples; Gram-negative bacteria were most prevalent. The three dominant Gramnegative bacteria were Escherichia coli (62.5%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (61%) and Enterobacter spp. (59.5%). The two most abundant Gram-positive bacteria were Corynebacterium spp. (59.5%) and Bacillus spp. (not Bacillus cereus) (52.5%). These results suggest contaminated flood areas may be a transmission route for pathogens, and increase the risk of abnormal skin conditions among people exposed to the area.

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Potentially Pathogenic Free-Living Amoebae in Some Flood-Affected Areas During 2011 Chiang Mai Flood

Cited by 10 publications

References 24 publications

The First Acanthamoeba keratitis Case of Non-Contact Lens Wearer with HIV Infection in Thailand

The First Acanthamoeba keratitis Case of Non-Contact Lens Wearer with HIV Infection in Thailand

Development of a Rapid, Simple Method for Detecting Naegleria fowleri Visually in Water Samples by Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP)

Epidemiological trends in pathogens from the 2012 Thai flooding disaster

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