The pattern of immune cell infiltration in chromoblastomycosis: involvement of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha/CCL3 and fungi persistence

Abstract

SUMMARYChromoblastomycosis (CR) is a subcutaneous chronic mycosis characterized by a granulomatous inflammatory response. However, little is known regarding the pattern of leukocyte subsets in CR and the pathways involved in their recruitment. The objective of this study was to assess the cellular subsets, chemokine, chemokine receptors and enzymes in CR. The inflammatory infiltrate was characterized by immunohistochemistry using antibodies against macrophages (CD68), Langerhans'cells (S100), lymphocytes (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD45RO, CD20 and CD56) and neutrophils (CD15). The expression of MIP-1α (Macrophage inflammatory protein-1α), chemokine receptors (CXCR3 and CCR1) and enzymes (superoxide dismutase-SOD and nitric oxide synthase-iNOS) was also evaluated by the same method. We observed an increase in all populations evaluated when compared with the controls. Numbers of CD15 + and CD56 + were significantly lower than CD3 + , CD4 + , CD20 + and CD68 + cells. Statistical analysis revealed an association of fungi numbers with CD3, CD45RO and iNOS-positive cells. Furthermore, MIP-1α expression was associated with CD45RO, CD68, iNOS and CXCR3. Our results suggest a possible role of MIP-1α and fungi persistence in the cell infiltration in CR sites.

Multi-omics profiling identifies C1QA/B+ macrophages with multiple immune checkpoints associated with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) liver metastasis

“…UMAP of scRNA-seq data visualizing the special gene markers is showed in Figure 4C . Cluster 0 cells were monocyte cells with CCL3L1 , PI3 and CCL3 expression ( 71 , 72 ) ( Figure 4B ). Cluster 1 cells represent S100A10 + neutrophil cells with S100A9 , S100A2 and SFN expression ( Figure 4B , Figure 4 C3, C4) ( 73 , 74 ).…”

Skin Immune Response of Immunocompetent and Immunosuppressed C57BL/6 Mice After Experimental Subcutaneous Infection Caused by Purpureocillium lilacinum

“…Previously, Sa et al (2007) also demonstrated the presence of Langerhans cells in the cutaneous tissue of patients with chromoblastomycosis, pointing out that the persistence of the fungus in the tissue is related to the activation of macrophages and the production of NO.…”

“…These results corroborate the data of Antachopoulos and Roilides (2005) , who mentioned the participation of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), important glycoproteins in the production and activation of phagocytes that are crucial in the defense against fungi. Previously, Sa et al (2007) also demonstrated the presence of Langerhans cells in the cutaneous tissue of patients with chromoblastomycosis, pointing out that the persistence of the fungus in the tissue is related to the activation of macrophages and the production of NO.…”

Mycetoma and Chromoblastomycosis: Perspective for Diagnosis Improvement Using Biomarkers

“…It was reported that CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte populations, B lymphocytes, neutrophils, and macrophages play a significant role in the cell-mediated response during chromoblastomycosis [9]. Populations of macrophages, lymphocytes, neutrophils, and Langerhans cells and their correlation with the expression of macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α), chemokine receptors (CXCR3, CCR1), and enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD, and nitric oxide synthase, iNOS) were indeed studied in order to better characterize the cell-mediated immune reactivity of chromoblastomycosis [10]. Biopsies of patients with a clinical and histopathological diagnosis of chromoblastomycosis were studied using immunohistochemistry before the beginning of treatment.…”